[Tutorial] [Online Data Retrieval & Identification] [Virus Isolate Registration & Submission] [Search]
|
[Home]
[ICTV Taxonomy - Index of Viruses]
[Virus Descriptions]
[Character List]
[Picture Gallery] [Tutorial] [Online Data Retrieval & Identification] [Virus Isolate Registration & Submission] [Search] |
|
|
Nature of Genome: |
positive-stranded ssRNA-RT
|
Family |
00.061. Retroviridae |
 |
Taxonomic Structure of the Family |
||
Family 00.061. Retroviridae |
00.061.1. Orthoretrovirinae |
00.061.1.03. Alpharetrovirus |
||
00.061.1.03.001. Avian leukosis virus |
|
For example, the isolates of Avian leukosis virus can be readily distinguished from those of Rous sarcoma virus because they lack oncogene sequences while encoding gag, pol and env. The replication-defective alpharetroviruses can be distinguished from Rous sarcoma virus by the variable deletion of portions of the gag, pol and env genes and the presence of a unique oncogene in each species. Rous sarcoma virus strains encode the src oncogene whereas Avian myeloblastosis virus, for example, encodes the myb oncogene. Host range, defined by SU interaction with a specific receptor, is generally used in defining strains within a species.
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
(ALV-J) | |||
(ALV-A) | |||
(RSV-Pr-C) | |||
(RSV-SR-B) | |||
(RSV-SR-D) | |||
(ACMHV-2) | |||
(AMV) | |||
(AMCV-29) | |||
(ASV-CT10) | |||
(FuSV) | |||
(UR2SV) | |||
(Y73SV) |
None reported.
00.061.1.01. Betaretrovirus |
||
00.061.1.01.001. Mouse mammary tumor virus |
|
Several primate retroviruses have been described that appear to be divergent members of a single virus that arose from a recombination event in which the env gene of a primate gammaretrovirus was captured. The most divergent of these are the endogenous Squirrel monkey retrovirus (SMRV) and Langur virus (LNGV), which are unable to infect cells from the primate species of origin. Several serologically distinct strains exist within the MasonPfizer monkey virus species. The most divergent of these are the endogenous SMRV and LNGV, nevertheless, the most closely related isolates Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, Simian retrovirus-1 and Simian retrovirus-2 are serologically distinct. Mouse mammary tumor virus is assigned to a separate species because of the unique sag coding region and a widely divergent and distinct env gene. Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus is also assigned to a separate species on the degree of nt sequence divergence. Related endogenous proviruses have been identified in other mammalian species (rodents, primates).
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
(JSRV) | |||
(LNGV) | |||
(MPMV) | |||
(SRV-1) | |||
(SRV-2) | |||
(MMTV) | |||
(SMRV) |
None reported.
00.061.1.02. Gammaretrovirus |
||
00.061.1.02.001. Murine leukemia virus |
|
There are mammalian, reptilian and avian (reticuloendotheliosis) viruses. The mammalian viruses include replication competent viruses that lack cell-derived oncogenes and replication defective viruses that have acquired a variety of oncogenes from their hosts.
Members of the Murine leukemia virus species can be distinguished from isolates of Gibbon ape leukemia virus, for example, by sequence divergence, distinct receptors for virus entry and only limited antigenic cross-reactivity in ELISA assays. Murine sarcoma viruses, which are invariably replication defective, can be distinguished from the murine leukemia viruses and from one another by the presence of distinct cell-derived oncogenes (Moloney murine sarcoma virus (mos) versus Woolly monkey sarcoma virus (sis)) and the characteristic loss of portions of gag, pol or env.
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
| Mammalian virus group: | |||
(FeLV) | |||
(GALV) | |||
(GPCOV) | |||
(AbMLV) | |||
(AKRMLV) | |||
(FrMLV) | |||
(FrMLV) | |||
(MoMLV) | |||
(MLV) | |||
(PCOV) | |||
| Replication defective viruses: | |||
(FBJMSV) | |||
(GAFeSV) | |||
(HZFeSV) | |||
(HaMSV) | |||
(KiMSV) | |||
(MOMSV) | |||
(STFeSV) | |||
(WMSV) | |||
| Reptilian virus group: | |||
(VRV) | |||
| Avian (Reticuloendotheliosis) virus group: | |||
(CSV) | |||
(REV-A) | |||
(REV-T) | |||
(TDSNV) |
00.061.1.05. Deltaretrovirus |
||
00.061.1.05.001. Bovine leukemia virus |
|
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) and Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 (STLV-1) are not clustered according to host species but rather according to geographic origin. All HTLV-1 subtypes described so far have most probably originated from separate interspecies transmissions from simians to humans. Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1 is distinguished from Primate T-lymphotropic virus 2 for example primarily on the basis of phylogenetic differences. The two virus species have a similar coding strategy, but only the first one has been associated with human disease.
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
(BLV) | |||
(HTLV-1) | |||
(STLV-1) | |||
(HTLV-2) | |||
(STLV-PP) | |||
(STLV-2) | |||
(STLV-3) |
None reported.
00.061.1.08. Epsilonretrovirus |
||
00.061.1.08.001. Walleye dermal sarcoma virus |
|
The genus Epsilonretrovirus is comprised of three species of fish retroviruses, Walleye dermal sarcoma virus, Walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus 1, and Walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus 2. Thcsc species are distinguished from one another on the basis of phylogenetic diversity. In addition, two tentative species, Snakehead retrovirus (SnRV) and Perch hyperplasia virus (PHV) are listed. As additional fish retroviruses are identified and characterized the Snakehead retrovirus may provide a basis for an additional genus (Fig. 9). The Perch virus has been sequenced only within the polymerase gene and its status remains tentative until further sequence information becomes available.
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
(WDSV) | |||
(WEHV-1) | |||
(WEHV-2) |
(PHV) | |||
(SnRV) |
00.061.1.06. Lentivirus |
||
00.061.1.06.001. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
|
Five groups of lentiviruses can be clustered on the basis of the hosts they infect (primates, sheep and goats, horses, cats, and cattle). Within the primate lentivirus group, HIV-1 is distinguished from HIV-2, for example, primarily on the basis of sequence divergence that exceeds 50% and the presence in HIV-2 of the vpx gene. There is limited cross-reactivity in ELISA tests based on Gag components but essentially none in those based on env gene products.
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
| Bovine lentivirus group: | |||
(BIV) | |||
| Equine lentivirus group: | |||
(EIAV) | |||
| Feline lentivirus group: | |||
(FIV-O) | |||
(FIV-P) | |||
(PLV-14) | |||
| Ovine/caprine lentivirus group: | |||
(CAEV) | |||
(VISNA) | |||
(VISNA) | |||
| Primate lentivirus group: | |||
(HIV-1) | |||
| Clade A | |||
(HIV-1.U455) | |||
| Clade B | |||
(HIV-1.ARV-2/SF-2) | |||
(HIV-1.BRU(LAI)) | |||
(HIV-1.HXB2) | |||
(HIV-1.MN) | |||
(HIV-1.RF) | |||
| Clade C | |||
(HIV-1.ETH2220) | |||
| Clade D | |||
(HIV-1.ELI) | |||
(HIV-1.NDK) | |||
| Clade F | |||
(HIV-1.93BR020) | |||
| Clade H | |||
(HIV-1.90CR056) | |||
| Clade O | |||
(HIV-1.ANT70) | |||
(HIV-2) | |||
| Clade A | |||
(HIV-2.BEN) | |||
(HIV-2.ISY) | |||
(HIV-2.ROD) | |||
(HIV-2.ST) | |||
| Clade B | |||
(HIV-2.D205) | |||
(HIV-2.EHOA) | |||
(HIV-2.UC1) | |||
(SIV-agm.155) | |||
(SIV-agm.3) | |||
(SIV-agm.gr) | |||
(SIV-agm.sab) | |||
(SIV-agm.tan) | |||
(SIV-agm.TYO) | |||
(SIV) | |||
(SIV-cpz) | |||
(SIV-mnd) | |||
(SIV-mne) | |||
(SIV-rcm) | |||
(SIV-mac) | |||
(SIV-sm) | |||
(SIV-stm) | |||
(SIV-syk) |
None reported.
00.061.2. Spumaretrovirinae |
00.061.2.07. Spumavirus |
||
00.061.2.07.001. Simian foamy virus |
|
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
(SFVagm) | |||
(SFVmac) | |||
(SFVcpz(hu)) | |||
(HFV) | |||
(SFVcpz) | |||
(SFVcpz) | |||
(BFV) | |||
(EFV) | |||
(FFV) | |||
None reported.
None reported.
There is no sequence similarity between members of the families Hepadnaviridae, Caulimoviridae, Pseudoviridae, and Metaviridae, as well as with non-viral retroelements. There is however similarity through the replication strategy with members of the family Hepadnaviridae.
Lenti: from Latin lentus, "slow". Ortho: from Greek orthos, "straight" Retro: from Latin retro, "backwards", refers to the activity of reverse transcriptase and the transfer of genetic information from RNA to DNA. Spuma: from Latin spuma, "foam".
Collated from VIIIth ICTV Report
Linial, M.L., Fan, H., Hahn, B., Lwer, R., Neil, J., Quackenbush, S., Rethwilm, A., Sonigo, P., Stoye, J. and Tristem, M.
Version 4 is based on Virus Taxonomy, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses, 8th ICTV Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Fauquet, CM, Mayo, MA, Maniloff, J, Desselberger, U, and Ball, LA (EDS) (2005) Elsevier/Academic Press, pp. 1259.
Comments to ICTVdB
Management
by Cornelia
Büchen-Osmond
Copyright © 2002 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. All rights reserved.
Google Analytics: activity view