List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Species demarcation criteria in the genus include:
Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence data,
Antigenic characteristics,
Geographic association,
Vector association,
Host association,
Disease association,
Ecological characteristics.
Other defined members of individual species, which do not constitute a species on their own, are shown below the species.
Those viruses for which insufficient information is available are listed as 'tentative' within the group of viruses to which
they are most closely related by sequence analysis.
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
| 1. Tick-borne viruses | | |
| Mammalian tick-borne virus group | | |
00.026.0.01.016. | Gadgets Gully virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.016.02.001. | Gadgets Gully virus | [AF013374] | (GGYV) |
00.026.0.01.026. | Kyasanur Forest disease virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.026.02.001. | Kyasanur Forest disease virus | [X74111] | (KFDV) |
00.026.0.01.026. | (Kyasanur forest disease virus) |
| |
00.026.0.01.027. | Langat virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.027.02.001. | Langat virus | [M73835] | (LGTV) |
00.026.0.01.028. | Louping ill virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.028.02.102. | British subtype | [D12937] | (LIV-Brit) |
00.026.0.01.028.02.101. | Irish subtype | [X86784] | (LIV-1r) |
00.026.0.01.028.02.100. | Louping ill virus | [Y07863] | (LIV) |
00.026.0.01.028.02.103. | Spanish subtype | [X77470] | (LIV-Span) |
00.026.0.01.028.02.104. | Turkish subtype | [X69125] | (LIV-Turk) |
00.026.0.01.034. | Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.034.02.001. | Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus | [X66694] | (OHFV) |
00.026.0.01.036. | Powassan virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.036.02.001. | Powassan virus | [L06436] | (POWV) |
00.026.0.01.038. | Royal Farm virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.038.02.001. | Karshi virus | [AF013381] | (KSIV) |
00.026.0.01.038.02.002. | Royal Farm virus | [AF013398] | (RFV) |
00.026.0.01.046. | Tick-borne encephalitis virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.046.02.001. | European subtype | [M27157] | (TBEV-Eu) |
00.026.0.01.046.02.001. | European subtype | [M33668] | (TBEV-Eu) |
00.026.0.01.046.02.002. | Far Eastern subtype | [X07755] | (TBEV-FE) |
00.026.0.01.046.02.003. | Siberian subtype | [L40361] | (TBEV-Sib) |
00.026.0.01.046.02.000. | Tick-borne encephalitis virus |
| (TBEV) |
| Seabird tick-borne virus group | | |
00.026.0.01.022. | Kadam virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.022.05.001. | Kadam virus | [AF013380] | (KADV) |
00.026.0.01.029. | Meaban virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.029.05.001. | Meaban virus | [AF013386] | (MEAV) |
00.026.0.01.042. | Saumarez Reef virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.042.05.001. | Saumarez Reef virus | [X80589] | (SREV) |
00.026.0.01.047. | Tyuleniy virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.047.05.001. | Tyuleniy virus | [X80588] | (TYUV) |
| 2. Mosquito-borne viruses | | |
| Aroa virus group | | |
00.026.0.01.003. | Aroa virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.003.03.001. | Aroa virus | [AF013362] | (AROAV) |
00.026.0.01.003.03.002. | Bussuquara virus | [AF013366] | (BSQV) |
00.026.0.01.003.03.003. | Iguape virus | [AF013375] | (IGUV) |
00.026.0.01.003.03.004. | Naranjal virus | [AF013390] | (NJLV) |
| Dengue virus group | | |
00.026.0.01.013. | Dengue virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.013.08.001. | Dengue virus 1 | [U88536] | (DENV-1) |
00.026.0.01.013.08.202. | Dengue virus 2 | [M19197] | (DENV-2) |
00.026.0.01.013.08.203. | Dengue virus 3 | [A34774] | (DENV-3) |
00.026.0.01.013.08.204. | Dengue virus 4 | [M14931] | (DENV-4) |
00.026.0.01.023. | Kedougou virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.023.08.201. | Kedougou virus | [AF013382] | (KEDV) |
| Japanese encephalitis virus group | | |
00.026.0.01.009. | Cacipacore virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.009.04.001. | Cacipacore virus | [AF013367] | (CPCV) |
00.026.0.01.019. | Japanese encephalitis virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.019.04.001. | Japanese encephalitis virus | [M18370] | (JEV) |
00.026.0.01.025. | Koutango virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.025.04.001. | Koutango virus | [AF013384] | (KOUV) |
00.026.0.01.032. | Murray Valley encephalitis virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.032.04.002. | Alfuy virus | [AF013360] | (ALFV) |
00.026.0.01.032.04.001. | Murray Valley encephalitis virus | [X03467] | (MVEV) |
00.026.0.01.044. | St. Louis encephalitis virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.044.04.001. | St. Louis encephalitis virus | [M16614] | (SLEV) |
00.026.0.01.049. | Usutu virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.049.04.001. | Usutu virus | [AF013412] | (USUV) |
00.026.0.01.051. | West Nile virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.051.04.005. | Kunjin virus | [D00246] | (KUNV) |
00.026.0.01.051.04.001. | West Nile virus | [M12294] | (WNV) |
00.026.0.01.052. | Yaounde virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.052.04.001. | Yaounde virus | [AF013413] | (YAOV) |
| Kokobera virus group | | |
00.026.0.01.024. | Kokobera virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.024.04.001. | Kokobera virus | [AF013383] | (KOKV) |
00.026.0.01.024.04.008. | Stratford virus | [AF013407] | (STRV) |
| Ntaya virus group | | |
00.026.0.01.004. | Bagaza virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.004.06.001. | Bagaza virus | [AF013363] | (BAGV) |
00.026.0.01.017. | Ilheus virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.017.06.001. | Ilheus virus | [AF013376] | (ILHV) |
00.026.0.01.017.06.001. | Rocio virus | [AF013397] | (ROCV) |
00.026.0.01.018. | Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.018.06.001. | Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis virus | [AF013377] | (ITV) |
00.026.0.01.033. | Ntaya virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.033.06.001. | Ntaya virus | [AF013392] | (NTAV) |
00.026.0.01.045. | Tembusu virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.045.06.001. | Tembusu virus | [AF013408] | (TMUV) |
| Spondweni virus group | | |
00.026.0.01.055. | Zika virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.055.03.002. | Spondweni virus | [AF013406] | (SPOV) |
00.026.0.01.055.03.001. | Zika virus | [AF013415] | (ZIKV) |
| Yellow fever virus group | | |
00.026.0.01.005. | Banzi virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.005.07.001. | Banzi virus | [L40951] | (BANV) |
00.026.0.01.007. | Bouboui virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.007.07.001. | Bouboui virus | [AF013364] | (BOUV) |
00.026.0.01.014. | Edge Hill virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.014.07.001. | Edge Hill virus | [AF013372] | (EHV) |
00.026.0.01.020. | Jugra virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.020.07.001. | Jugra virus | [AF013378] | (JUGV) |
00.026.0.01.039. | Saboya virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.039.07.004. | Potiskum virus | [AF013395] | (POTV) |
00.026.0.01.039.07.001. | Saboya virus | [AF013400] | (SABV) |
00.026.0.01.043. | Sepik virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.043.07.001. | Sepik virus | [AF013404] | (SEPV) |
00.026.0.01.048. | Uganda S virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.048.07.001. | Uganda S virus |
| (UGSV) |
00.026.0.01.050. | Wesselsbron virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.050.07.001. | Wesselsbron virus |
| (WESSV) |
00.026.0.01.053. | Yellow fever virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.053.07.001. | Yellow fever virus | [X03700] | (YFV) |
| 3. Viruses with no known arthropod vector | | |
| Entebbe bat virus group | | |
00.026.0.01.015. | Entebbe bat virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.015.03.001. | Entebbe bat virus | [AF013373] | (ENTV) |
00.026.0.01.015.03.004. | Sokoluk virus | [AF013405] | (SOKV) |
00.026.0.01.054. | Yokose virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.054.06.001. | Yokose virus | [AF013414] | (YOKV) |
00.026.0.01.002. | Apoi virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.002.09.001. | Apoi virus | [AF013361] | (APOIV) |
00.026.0.01.011. | Cowbone Ridge virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.011.09.001. | Cowbone Ridge virus | [AF013370] | (CRV) |
00.026.0.01.021. | Jutiapa virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.021.09.001. | Jutiapa virus | [AF013379] | (JUTV) |
00.026.0.01.030. | Modoc virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.030.09.001. | Modoc virus | [AF013387] | (MODV) |
00.026.0.01.040. | Sal Vieja virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.040.09.001. | Sal Vieja virus | [AF013401] | (SVV) |
00.026.0.01.041. | San Perlita virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.041.09.001. | San Perlita virus | [AF013402] | (SPV) |
00.026.0.01.008. | Bukalasa bat virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.008.03.001. | Bukalasa bat virus | [AF013365] | (BBV) |
00.026.0.01.010. | Carey Island virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.010.03.001. | Carey Island virus | [AF013368] | (CIV) |
00.026.0.01.012. | Dakar bat virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.012.03.001. | Dakar bat virus | [AF013371] | (DBV) |
00.026.0.01.031. | Montana myotis leukoencephalitis virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.031.03.001. | Montana myotis leukoeneephalitis virus | [AF013388] | (MMLV) |
00.026.0.01.035. | Phnom Penh bat virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.035.03.002. | Batu Cave virus | [AF013369] | (BCV) |
00.026.0.01.035.03.001. | Phnom Penh bat virus | [AF013394] | (PPBV) |
00.026.0.01.037. | Rio Bravo virus |
| |
00.026.0.01.037.03.001. | Rio Bravo virus | [AF013396] | (RBV) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
00.026.0.81.057. | Cell fusing agent virus |
| |
00.026.0.81.057.00.001. | Cell fusing agent virus | [M91671] | (CFAV) |
00.026.0.81.056. | Tamana bat virus |
| |
00.026.0.81.056.00.001. | Tamana bat virus |
| (TABV) |
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Species demarcation criteria in the genus includes:
Nucleotide sequence relatedness,
Serological relatedness,
Host of origin.
Pestivirus species demarcation considers several parameters and their relationship to the type viruses of
the currently recognized species (BVDV-1-NADL; BVDV-2-890; BDVBD31; and CSFV-A187). Nucleotide sequence relatedness
is an important criterion for pestivirus species demarcation. For example, the 5'-NCR sequences among the four
currently recognized species are over 15% divergent. In most cases, the degree of homology within the 5'-NCR will
allow pestivirus species demarcation. However, in some cases the nt sequence relatedness may be ambiguous and must
be complemented with additional comparative analyses. Convalescent animal sera generated against members of a given
pestivirus species (e.g., Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1) generally show a several-fold higher neutralization
titer against viruses of the same same species than against viruses from the other species. Finally, differences
in host of origin and disease can assist in species identification.
For example, Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and Classical swine fever virus are considered different
species because their members differ from each other by: (i) at least 25% at the sequence level (complete genomes),
(ii) at least 10-fold difference in neutralization titer in cross-neutralization tests with polyclonal immune sera,
and (iii) host range, in that under natural conditions CSFV infects only pigs while BVDV-1 infects ruminants as
well as pigs.
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.026.0.02.002. | Border disease virus |
| |
00.026.0.02.002.00.001. | Border disease virus - BD31 | [U70263] | (BDV-BD31) |
00.026.0.02.002.00.002. | Border disease virus - X818 | [AF037405] | (BDV-X818) |
00.026.0.02.002. | (Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2) |
| |
00.026.0.02.002. | (Pestivirus type 3) |
| |
00.026.0.02.003. | Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 |
| |
00.026.0.02.003.00.004. | Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1-CP7 | [U63479] | (BVDV-1-CP7) |
00.026.0.02.003.00.001. | Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1-NADL | [M31182] | (BVDV-1-NADL) |
00.026.0.02.003.00.002. | Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1-Osloss | [M96687] | (BVDV-1-O) |
00.026.0.02.003.00.003. | Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1-SD1 | [M96751] | (BVDV-1-SDI) |
00.026.0.02.004. | (Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2) |
| |
00.026.0.02.004. | Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 |
| |
00.026.0.02.004.00.002. | Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2-C413 | [AF002227] | (BVDV-2-C413) |
00.026.0.02.004.00.003. | Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2-NewYork'93 | [AF502399] | (BVDV-2-NY93) |
00.026.0.02.004.00.001. | Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2-strain 890 | [U18059] | (BVDV-2-890) |
00.026.0.02.005. | Classical swine fever virus |
| |
00.026.0.02.005.00.001. | Classical swine fever virus - Alfort/ 187 | [X87939] | (CSFV-A187) |
00.026.0.02.005.00.002. | Classical swine fever virus - Alfort-Tübingen | [J04358] | (CSFV-ATub) |
00.026.0.02.005.00.003. | Classical swine fever virus - Brescia | [M31768] | (CSFV-Bre) |
00.026.0.02.005.00.004. | Classical swine fever virus - C | [Z46258] | (CSFV-C) |
00.026.0.02.005. | (Hog cholera virus) | [X87939] | |
Tentative Species in the Genus
00.026.0.82.006. | Pestivirus of giraffe |
| |
00.026.0.82.006.00.001. | Pestivirus of giraffe | [AF144617] | |
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Hepatitis C virus can be classified into 6 genetic groups, based upon the genome-wide heterogeneity of isolates
recovered throughout the world. These have been called HCV clades 1-6; clades differ from each other by ~25-35% at
the nt level. Genotypes 7-11 have been described, but more extensive genetic analysis has placed genotypes 7, 8, 9 and 11
within clade 6 and genotype 10 within clade 3. The 6 clades have been further subdivided into over 100 subtypes.
These differ from each other by ~15-25% at the nt level. Although the clades are more or less distinct, discrimination
of subtypes is less clear, owing to overlap in the degree of heterogeneity. Because serotyping of HCV isolates is not
possible at present, and because major genotypes do not have any other taxonomic characteristics except, in some cases,
geographic distribution, the 6 genetic groups of HCV currently comprise one species.
List of Species in the Genus
A number of clades are recognized for Hepatitis C virus. Examples are listed below.
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.026.0.03.001. | Hepatitis C virus |
| |
00.026.0.03.001.03.010. | HCV genotype 10 | [D63821] | (HCV-JK049) |
00.026.0.03.001.06.011. | HCV genotype 11 | [D63822] | (HCV-JK046) |
00.026.0.03.001.01.001. | HCV genotype 1a | [M62321] | (HCV-1) |
00.026.0.03.001.01.002. | HCV genotype 1b | [D90208] | (HCV-J) |
00.026.0.03.001.02.001. | HCV genotype 2a | [D00944] | (HCV-J6) |
00.026.0.03.001.02.002. | HCV genotype 2b | [D01221] | (HCV-J8) |
00.026.0.03.001.03.001. | HCV genotype 3a | [D17763] | (HCV-NZL1) |
00.026.0.03.001.04.001. | HCV genotype 4a | [Y11604] | (HCV-ED43) |
00.026.0.03.001.05.001. | HCV genotype 5a | [Y13184] | (HCV-EVH1480) |
00.026.0.03.001.06.001. | HCV genotype 6a | [Y12083] | (HCV-EUHK2) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
00.026.0.83.002. | GB virus B |
| |
00.026.0.83.002.00.001. | GB virus B | [U22304] | (GBV-B) |
00.026.0.83.002.00.001. | GB virus B | [AF179612] | (GBV-B) |
00.026.0.83.002. | (Hepatitis GB virus B) |
| |
Two distinct groups of viruses have been assigned tentatively to the family Flaviviridae, based upon their
genomic organization and genetic similarity to recognized members of the family.
Distinguishing Features
GBV-A and GBV-A-like agents are a group of related viruses that have been identified in at least 6 species of
New World monkeys. They do not cause hepatitis in the unique host species of each virus nor in other susceptible
species. Their organ site of replication has not been identified and, although the viruses are transmissible
via blood, their natural route of transmission is unknown. These viruses share an overall genomic organization
and distant genetic similarity with hepaciviruses, but differ in that they appear to lack a complete nucleocapsid
protein gene and the organization of their 3'-NCR is less complex than that of the hepaciviruses.
List of Species
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.026.0.00.001. | GB virus A |
| |
00.026.0.00.001.00.001. | GB virus A | [U22303] | (GBV-A) |
00.026.0.00.001.00.002. | GB virus A-like agents | [U94421] | |
Distinguishing Features
GBV-C is a genetically heterogeneous virus of human and chimpanzee origin. It is transmitted via blood and blood
products and possibly sexually, but other routes of transmission may exist. Although originally described as a
hepatitis virus, it rarely, if ever, causes hepatitis, and its pathogenicity and organ site of replication remain
controversial. Lymphocytes may be its primary site of replication. Although distinct, GBV-C is most closely related
to the GBV-A group of viruses, both in genomic organization and genetic relatedness.
List of Species
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.026.0.00.002. | GB virus C |
| |
00.026.0.00.002.00.001. | GB virus C | [U36380] | (GBV-C) |
00.026.0.00.002.00.001. | GB virus C | [AF070476] | (GBV-C) |
00.026.0.00.002.00.002. | Hepatitis G virus - 1 | [O44402] | (HGV-1) |
Similarity with other Taxa
None reported.
Derivation of Names
Flavi: from Latin flavus, "yellow".
Hepaci: from Greek hepar, hepatos, "liver".
Pesti: from Latin pestis, "plague".
References
Collated from VIIIth ICTV Report
Contributed by
Thiel, H.-J., Collett, M.S., Gould, E.A., Heinz, F.X., Houghton, M., Meyers, G., Purcell, R.H. and Rice, C.M.
Cite this publication as: Index of Viruses - Flaviviridae (2006). In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_index.htm
Version 4 is based on Virus Taxonomy, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses, 8th ICTV Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Fauquet, CM, Mayo, MA, Maniloff, J, Desselberger, U, and Ball, LA (EDS) (2005) Elsevier/Academic Press, pp. 1259.
Additional References
Reference List from the 8th ICTV Report
ICTVdB taxon description
ICTVdB Picture Gallery
References to sequence databases at GenBank and PubMed Central:
PubMed Central References;
nucleotide sequences;
complete genomes
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