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Nature of Genome:
General Host Type:
Morphology:

negative-stranded ssRNA
Vertebrates
enveloped, spherical

Family

00.003.  Arenaviridae

Diagrammatic representation of virion structure. L, L protein (RNA polymerase); NC, nucleocapsid; R, ribosome. (redrawn from A. Featherstone and C. Clegg, ICTV Report). (Right) Electron microscopic images of Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Cryo-electron microscopic images of purified unstained virions frozen in vitreous ice. (Adapted from R. Milligan, J. Burns and M. Buchmeier, ICTV Report)
 

Taxonomic Structure of the Family
 

Family         00.003. Arenaviridae
Genus                      00.003.0.01. Arenavirus


Genus

00.003.0.01.   Arenavirus

Type Species

00.003.0.01.001.     Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus

The parameters used to define a species in the genus are
  • an association with a specific host species or group of species;
  • presence in a defined geographical area;
  • etiological agent (or not) of disease in humans;
  • significant differences in antigenic cross-reactivity, including lack of crossneutralization activity where applicable;
  • significant as sequence difference from other species in the genus.

    • For example, although both Pirital virus and Guanarito virus circulate in the same region of Venezuela, they are distinguished by their isolation from different rodent hosts (Sigmodon alstoni and Zygodontomys brevicauda, respectively). In addition, in ELISA with hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluids, titers differ by at least 64-fold, and sequence analysis shows less than 55% as identity between partial nucleocapsid protein sequences. In another example, both Lassa virus and Mopeia virus share a common rodent host (Mastomys) at the genus level. However, they are distinguished by their different geographical range, different profiles of reactivity with panels of monoclonal antibodies, and by N protein as sequence divergencies of about 26%. Also, Lassa virus is the cause of hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates, while Mopeia virus is not associated with human disease and does not cause disease in experimentally infected primates.

    List of Species in the Genus

    The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
     
    Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:

    Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates

    00.003.0.01.002.

    Ippy virus

    00.003.0.01.002.00.001.

        Ippy virus - Dak AN B 188d

    N gene (partial): [U80003]

    (IPPYV)

    00.003.0.01.003.

    Lassa virus

    00.003.0.01.003.00.001.

        Lassa virus - GA391

    S segment: [X52400]

    (LASV­GA391)

    00.003.0.01.003.00.002.

        Lassa virus - Josiah

    S segment: [J04324]

    (LASV-Jo)

    00.003.0.01.003.00.002.

        Lassa virus - Josiah

    L segment: [U73034]

    (LASV-Jo)

    00.003.0.01.003.00.003.

        Lassa virus - LP

    N gene (partial): [U80004]

    (LASV-LP)

    00.003.0.01.004.

    Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

    00.003.0.01.004.00.001.

        Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Armstrong

    S segment: [M20869]

    (LCMV-Ar)

    00.003.0.01.004.00.001.

        Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Armstrong

    L segment: [J04331]

    (LCMV-Ar)

    00.003.0.01.004.00.001.

        Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Armstrong

    L segment: [M27693]

    (LCMV-Ar)

    00.003.0.01.004.00.002.

        Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - WE

    S segment: [M22138]

    (LCMV-WE)

    00.003.0.01.005.

    Mobala virus

    00.003.0.01.005.00.001.

        Mobala virus - 3076

    N gene (partial): [AF012530]

    (MOBV-3076)

    00.003.0.01.005.00.002.

        Mobala virus - 3099

    N gene (partial): [U80007]

    (MOBV-3099)

    00.003.0.01.005.00.002.

        Mobala virus - 3099

    N gene (partial): [U80008]

    (MOBV-3099)

    00.003.0.01.006.

    Mopeia virus

    00.003.0.01.006.00.003.

        Mopeia virus - AN 20410

    N gene (partial): [U80005]

    (MOPV­AN20410)

    00.003.0.01.006.00.001.

        Mopeia virus - AN 21366 (or 800150)

    S segment: [M33879]

    (MOPV­AN21366)

    00.003.0.01.022.

    Allpaahuayo virus

    00.003.0.01.022.00.001.

        Allpaahuayo virus - CLHP-2472

    S segment: [AY012687]

    (ALLV­CLHP2472)

    00.003.0.01.022.

        (Allpahuayo virus)

    00.003.0.01.007.

    Amapari virus

    00.003.0.01.007.00.001.

        Amapari virus - BeAn 70563

    N gene (partial): [U43685]

    (AMAV­BeAn70563)

    00.003.0.01.023.

    Bear Canyon virus

    00.003.0.01.023.00.001.

        Bear Canyon virus - A0060209

    S segment: [AF512833]

    (BCNV­A0060209)

    00.003.0.01.024.

    Cupixi virus

    00.003.0.01.024.00.001.

        Cupixi virus - BeAn 119303

    S segment: [AF512832]

    (CPXV-BeAn119303)

    00.003.0.01.008.

    Flexal virus

    00.003.0.01.008.00.001.

        Flexal virus - BeAn 293022

    N gene (partial): [U43687]

    (FLEV­BeAn293022)

    00.003.0.01.009.

    Guanarito virus

    <00.003.0.01.009.00.001./P>

        Guanarito virus - INH-95551

    N gene (partial): [L42001]

    (GTOV­INH95551)

    00.003.0.01.009.

    Guanarito virus

    00.003.0.01.009.00.001.

        Guanarito virus - INH-95551

    N gene (partial): [U43686]

    (GTOV­INH95551)

    00.003.0.01.010.

    Junín virus

    (JUNV)

    00.003.0.01.010.

        (Junin virus)

    00.003.0.01.010.00.001.

        Junín virus - MC2

    S segment: [D10072]

    (JUNV-MC2)

    00.003.0.01.010.00.002.

        Junín virus - XJ

    GPC gene: [U70799]

    (JUNV-XJ)

    00.003.0.01.010.00.002.

        Junín virus - XJ

    N gene: [U70802]

    (JUNV-XJ)

    00.003.0.01.011.

    Latino virus

    00.003.0.01.011.00.001.

        Latino virus - 10924

    N gene (partial): [U43688]

    (LATV-10924)

    00.003.0.01.012.

    Machupo virus

    00.003.0.01.012.00.001.

        Machupo virus - AA288-77

    N gene: [X62616]

    (MACV­10924)

    00.003.0.01.013.

    Oliveros virus

    00.003.0.01.013.00.001.

        Oliveros virus - RIID 3229

    S segment: [U34248]

    (OLVV­RIID3229)

    00.003.0.01.014.

    Paraná virus

    00.003.0.01.014.

        (Parana virus)

    00.003.0.01.014.00.001.

        Paraná virus - 12056

    N gene (partial): [U43689]

    (PARV-12056)

    00.003.0.01.015.

    Pichinde virus

    00.003.0.01.015.00.001.

        Pichinde virus - 3739

    S segment: [K02734]

    (PICV-3739)

    00.003.0.01.016.

    Pirital virus

    00.003.0.01.016.00.001.

        Pirital virus - VAV488

    N gene (partial): [U62561]

    (PIRV­VAV488)

    00.003.0.01.016.00.002.

        Pirital virus - VAV-499

    N gene (partial): [U62562]

    (PIRV­VAV499)

    00.003.0.01.017.

    Sabiá virus

    (SABV)

    00.003.0.01.017.

        (Sabia virus)

    00.003.0.01.017.00.001.

        Sabiá virus - SPH114202

    S segment: [U41071]

    (SABV­SPH114202)

    00.003.0.01.018.

    Tacaribe virus

    00.003.0.01.018.00.001.

        Tacaribe virus - p2b2

    S segment: [M20304 ]

    (TCRV-p2b2)

    00.003.0.01.018.00.002.

        Tacaribe virus - TRVLII573

    L segment: [M65834]

    (TCRV­TRVLII573)

    00.003.0.01.018.00.002.

        Tacaribe virus - TRVLII573

    L segment: [J04340]

    (TCRV­TRVLII573)

    00.003.0.01.018.00.002.

        Tacaribe virus - TRVLII573

    L segment: [M33513]

    (TCRV­TRVLII573)

    00.003.0.01.019.

    Tamiami virus

    00.003.0.01.019.00.001.

        Tamiami virus - W10777

    N gene (partial): [U43690]

    (TAMV­W10777)

    00.003.0.01.020.

    Whitewater Arroyo virus

    00.003.0.01.020.00.001.

        Whitewater Arroyo virus - AV 9310135

    N gene (partial): [U52180]

    (WWAV­AV9310135)


















































































    Tentative Species in the Genus

    00.003.0.81.025.

    Rio Cacarana virus

    00.003.0.81.025.00.001.

        Rio Cacarana virus

    GPC and N partial

    (RCAV)

    00.003.0.81.021.

    Pampa virus

    00.003.0.81.021.00.001.

        Pampa virus

    GPC and NP

    (PAMV)







    Pampa virus should be considered as a genotype of Oliveros virus because it has only 6.3 % as divergence between GPC genes and 4.2% divergence between N genes. By way of comparison, as distances observed between Amapari and Cupixi viruses (GPC gene = 31.4%, NP gene = 14.6%) and between Junín and Machupo viruses (GPC gene = 30.0%, NP gene = 14.4%) are the lowest observed between distinct arenaviruses species.

    List of Unassigned Viruses in the Family

    None reported.

    Similarity with other Taxa

    None reported.

    Derivation of Names

    arena: from Latin arenosus, "sandy" and arena, "sand", in recognition of the sand-like ribosomal contents of particles in thin section. The name originally proposed was arenovirus, but was subsequently changed to avoid possible confusion with adenovirus.

    References

    Collated from VIIIth ICTV Report

    Contributed by

    Salvato, M.S., Clegg, J.C.S., Buchmeier, M.J., Charrel, R.N., Gonzalez, J.-P., Lukashevich, I.S., Peters, C.J., Rico-Hesse, R. and Romanowski, V.

    Cite this publication as: Index of Viruses - Arenaviridae (2006). In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_index.htm

    Version 4 is based on Virus Taxonomy, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses, 8th ICTV Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Fauquet, CM, Mayo, MA, Maniloff, J, Desselberger, U, and Ball, LA (EDS) (2005) Elsevier/Academic Press, pp. 1259.

    Additional References

    Reference List from the 8th ICTV Report
    ICTVdB taxon description
    ICTVdB Picture Gallery

    References to sequence databases at GenBank and PubMed Central:
    PubMed Central References; nucleotide sequences; complete genomes



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