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01.062.0.05. Nucleorhabdovirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 01.062.0.05. Nucleorhabdovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of an invertebrate and plant virus at the genus level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 01.062.0.05. Virus accession number: 062005GE. Obsolete virus code: 62.0.5.; superceded accession number: 62050000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 11306.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Plant Rhabdovirus Group B. Virus is of the family 01.062. Rhabdoviridae; order 01. Mononegavirales.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are in unfixed preparations bullet-shaped, or bacilliform (when fixed prior to negative staining), or pleomorphic. Virions measure 43-77.67-100 nm in diameter; 95-243.2-500 nm in length. Surface projections are distinctive, densely dispersed peplomers which are drumstick-shaped and cover evenly the surface. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The nucleocapsid is uncoiled filamentous, or cylindrical (coiled, is cross-banded. Axial canal is distinct, or indistinct; 4.5-17.25-30 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious, or obscure. Pitch of helix is 4-4.437-5 nm.

Electron micrograph of Maize mosaic virus, a Nucleorhabdovirus from the EM library of Rothamsted, UK. Magification x150,000.

























Electron micrograph of Maize mosaic virus, a Nucleorhabdovirus from the EM library of Rothamsted, UK. Magification x150,000.
See also Picture Gallery for more images..

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions, or many virions.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.165-1.181-1.2 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 774-922.1-1044 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 40-54-75°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.12-7.564-44 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2, or 3, or 4, or 5. The infectivity is decreased by treatment with ether; lost when deproteinized with proteases; lost when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 1-2.25-5% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear negative-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The genome is sequenced, and complete sequence is about 7000-11840-14000 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 26.4 % guanine; 21.3 % adenine; 22.5 % cytosine; 29.8 % uracil.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 68-76.5-80% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 4 structural protein(s), or 5 structural protein(s), or 6 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are present and located in the envelope and protein (G that has a covalently associated fatty acid proximal to the lipid envelope). Virions are composed of 15-20.37-25% lipids by weight. The lipids are of host origin.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is not infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells, or absent from infected cells.

Translation: The genome replicates in the nucleus, or the cytoplasm.

Replication cycle Virions accumulate in the cell nucleus.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae), or Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or vary seasonally, or disappear soon after infection.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation, or not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts, or not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; transmitted by pollen to the seed, or not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, insects, arachnids, or by mite. Insects belong to the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults, or lost by the vector when it moults; replicates in the vector; transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector, or not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Bromeliaceae, Capparidaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Colchicaceae, Compositae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae (10/38), Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Passifloraceae, Pittosporaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Salicaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Thunbergiaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Ananas comosus, Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Avena sativa, Bidens pilosa, Bromus inermis, Bromus secalinus, Bromus tectorum, Capparis spinosa, Capsicum annuum, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Chondrilla juncea, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Codiaeum variegatum, Coffea arabica, Coriandrum sativum, Cynara scolymus, Cynara syriaca, Cynodon dactylon, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Digitaria ciliaris, Dinebra retroflexa, Echinochloa, Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa crus-galli, Eleusine coracana, Eragrostis cilianensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Fragaria vesca, Gloriosa rothschildiana, Gomphrena globosa, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Hordeum vulgare, Laburnum anagyroides, Lactuca sativa, Leptochloa filiformis, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium multiflorum x L. perenne, Lolium perenne, Lonicera, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Melilotus officinalis, Nelumbo nucifera, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana alata, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana cavicola, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana glutinosa x N. clevelandii, Nicotiana langsdorffii, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Oryza sativa, Oryza sativa var. japonica, Panicum capillare, Panicum miliaceum, Passiflora edulis, Pastinaca sativa, Petasites officinalis, Petroselinum crispum, Petunia x hybrida, Physalis floridana, Physalis ixocarpa, Pittosporum tobira, Populus balsamifera, Rottboellia exaltata, Rubus idaeus, Secale cereale, Setaria verticillata, Setaria viridis, Setaria vulpiseta, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum sodomaeum, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus oleraceus, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum sudanense, Sorghum vulgare, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Thunbergia alata, Thymus x citriodorus, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Triticum aestivum, Triticum dicoccum, Triticum durum, Triticum vulgare, Urochloa panicoides, Vicia faba, x Triticosecale, Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, or Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, or Labiatae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, or Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Tropaeolaceae, or Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Agrostis alba, Anagyris foetida, Apium graveolens, Arachis hypogaea, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Cassia occidentalis, Catharanthus roseus, Celosia cristata, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Chloris gayana, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Dactylis glomerata, Datura stramonium, Digitaria decumbens, Diodia teres, Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa crus-galli, Elytrigia intermedia, Elytrigia repens, Fragaria vesca, Genipa americana, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Hamelia patens, Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Manetia cordifolia, Medicago sativa, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana physalodes, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Oryza sativa, Paspalum dilatatum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phleum pratense, Physalis floridana, Pisum sativum, Poa compressa, Poa pratensis, Rubus occidentalis, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus oleraceus, Sorghum bicolor, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Triticum aestivum, Triticum vulgare, Tropaeolum majus, Vicia faba, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus, or nucleolus, or perinuclear space, or mitochondria.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells, or not present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Nuclear inclusion bodies are crystals. Cytoplasmic inclusions are membranous bodies, or viroplasma. Inclusions contain mature virions, or do not contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus spreads in Eurasia, or North America. The virus occurs in Algeria, or Australia, or Brazil, or Canada, or China, or Colombia, or Costa Rica, or Fiji, or France, or Greece, or India, or Iran, or Italy, or Japan, or Jordan, or Mauritius, or Mexico, or Morocco, or New Zealand (Aotearoa), or Peru, or the Philippines, or Portugal, or Spain, or Taiwan, or Tanzania, or Tunisia, or Turkey, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 01.062.0.05.001. Potato yellow dwarf virus .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Wunner WH, Calisher CH, Dietzgen RG, Jackson AO, Kitajima EW, Lafon M, Leong JC, Nichol S, Peters D, Smith JS, Walker PJ.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.
A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 244.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

In addition to unassigned viruses, two genera of plant rhabdoviruses have been established. The viruses are primarily distinguished on the basis of the sites of virus maturation (cytoplasm: Cytorhabdovirus; nucleus: Nucleorhabdovirus). However, exceptions exist and the significance of this property is not known. The interrelationships of the different plant viruses within or between the two genera or with the unassigned plant viruses have yet to be established at the genetic level. A wide variety of plants are susceptible to plant rhabdoviruses although each virus usually has a restricted host range. Most of the plant rhabdoviruses are transmitted by leafhoppers, planthoppers, or aphids, although mite- and lacebug- transmitted viruses (one each) have also been identified. Some viruses are transmitted in contaminated sap. In all carefully examined cases, viruses have been shown to replicate in the insect vector as well as in the plant host.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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