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00.093.0.01.001. Subterranean clover stunt virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.093.0.01.001. Subterranean clover stunt virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: New South Wales; Australia.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Trifolium subterraneum.

Natural host and symptoms
Trifolium subterraneum, T. cernuum — mild or severe stunting, marginal chlorosis and puckering or cupping of leaflets, older leaves purple or crimson.

Medicago lupulina, M. hispida var. denticulata, M. minima, Trifolium repens, T. glomeratum, Wisteria sinensis — typical stunting, shortening of petioles and internodes; chlorosis of young leaves.

Phaseolus vulgaris — severe epinasty and leaves thickened, smaller and chlorotic; severe stunting and terminal necrosis, few or no seeds.

Pisum sativum, Vicia faba — leaf size reduced, petioles and internodes shortened, leaf chlorosis and rolling.

Trifolium dubium, T. pratense, Medicago arabica — typical stunting and yellowing on new growths. Comments on host and host range: Host range data variable, probably resulting from strain differences or contaminants. All varieties of Trifolium subterraneum appear to be susceptible as well as all varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris. Many species of Medicago and Trifolium are susceptible.

Reference to Isolation Report
Grylls and Butler (1956).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.093.0.01.001. Virus accession number: 93001001. Obsolete virus code: 79.0.P.1.003; superceded accession number: 790p1003.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 36772.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): clover stunt virus, clover subterranean stunt virus. ICTV approved acronym: SCSV. Virus is the type species of the genus 00.093.0.01. Nanovirus; family 00.093. Nanoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 17-19 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions (when tested by ISEM). Virus preparations are stable in AM, pH 6.5. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Chu and Helms (1987). Use of cellulases helps purify virions.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.34 g cm-3 (unfixed). There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. A260/A280 ratio is 1.35.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 16-17% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented and consists of seven segments of (or more) circular, single-stranded DNA. The complete genome is 3360 nucleotides long. The RNA-1 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 890 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[S57687] Em(40)_vi:S57687 Gb(84)_vi:S57687 coat protein (component 3) subterranean clover stunt virus SCSV, F isolate, Genomic, 48 nt.
[U16730] Em(43)_vi:Sc16730 Gb(89)_vi:Scu16730 Subterranean clover stunt virus (SCSV1) gene, complete cds. 12/94 1,001bp.
[U16731] Em(43)_vi:Sc16731 Gb(89)_vi:Scu16731 Subterranean clover stunt virus possible replication asociated protein (SCSV2) gene, complete
[U16732] Em(43)_vi:Sc16732 Gb(89)_vi:Scu16732 Subterranean clover stunt virus (SCSV3) gene, complete cds. 12/94 991bp.
[U16733] Em(43)_vi:Sc16733 Gb(89)_vi:Scu16733 Subterranean clover stunt virus (SCSV4) gene, complete cds. 12/94 1,002bp.
[U16734] Em(43)_vi:Sc16734 Gb(89)_vi:Scu16734 Subterranean clover stunt virus coat protein (SCSV5) gene, complete cds. 12/94 998bp.
[U16735] Em(43)_vi:Sc16735 Gb(89)_vi:Scu16735 Subterranean clover stunt virus possible replication associated protein (SCSV6) gene, complet
[U16736] Em(43)_vi:Sc16736 Gb(89)_vi:Scu16736 Subterranean clover stunt virus (SCSV7) gene, complete cds. 12/94 988bp. Sequence is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 880 nucleotides long, is sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is 880 nucleotides long. RNA-4 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is provided, complete sequence is 870 nucleotides long. Reference to nucleotide sequence isolation method by Chu and Helms (1988): resuspend virus purified by sucrose density gradient in 50 mM tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.6, 1 mM EDTA, 100 mM Na-acetate, and extract with phenol and 2% SDS.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 83-84% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are often occurs naturally with bean yellow mosaic and clover yellow mosaic viruses; ELISA tests are best to distinguish these viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Aphis craccivora, A gossypii, Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Leguminosae-Papilionoideae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Arachis hypogaea, Astragalus sinicus, Crotalaria intermedia, Crotalaria spectabilis, Desmodium intortum, Lablab purpureus, Lens culinaris, Macroptilium lathyroides, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Medicago, Medicago arabica, Medicago hispida, Medicago hispida var. denticulata, Medicago lupulina, Medicago minima, Medicago orbicularis, Medicago polymorpha, Medicago sativa, Medicago scutellata, Melilotus albus, Melilotus indicus, Onobrychis biebersteinii, Onobrychis viciifolia, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Trifolium, Trifolium cernuum, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium glomeratum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pannonicum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum, Trigonella procumbens, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa, Vigna unguiculata, Wisteria sinensis.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, or Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Geraniaceae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Linaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, or Vitidaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Arachis hypogaea, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cicer arietinum, Datura stramonium, Erodium moschatum, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Linum usitatissimum, Lupinus albus, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Senecio vulgaris, Stellaria media, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vitis rupestris.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Trifolium subterraneum cv. Mt Barker — severe stunting, rosetting, puckering and marginal chlorosis, reddening of older leaves.

Medicago hispida var. denticulata — severe stunting, rosetting, puckering and marginal chlorosis, reddening of older leaves.

Macroptilium lathyroides — severe stunting and small leaves, then marginal chlorosis and puckering of terminal leaves.

Trigonella procumbens — extreme stunting and puckering of leaflets.

Astragalus sinicus — stunting, leaf yellowing, size reduction and rolling down. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Gomphrena globosa, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Erodium moschatum.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Trifolium subterraneum cv. Mt Baker, Pisum sativum cv. Greenfeast — propagation only.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Trifolium subterraneum (W).

References to host data: Grylls and Butler (1959, O'Loughlin (1958, Gutierrez et al. (1971, Smith (1966).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in phloem.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells. Other cellular changes include phloem necrosis.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Australia.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Grylls and Butler (1956; 1959, O'Loughlin (1958, Grylls and Peak (1960; 1969, Peak et al. (1963, Gutierrez et al. (1971).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Dickson isolate; Clandulla isolate; Ginnindera isolate a severe strain and Wattamondara isolate.

References

Chu, P.WG and Helms, K. (1988). Virology 167: 38.

Grylls, N.E. and Butler, F.C. (1956). J. Aust. Inst. agric. Sci. 22: 73.

Grylls, N.E. and Butler, F.C. (1959). Aust. J. agric. Res. 10: 145.

Grylls, N.E. and Peak, J.W. (1960). Aust. J. agric. Res. 11: 723.

Grylls, N.E. and Peak, J.W. (1969). Aust. J. agric. Res. 20: 37.

Gutierrez, AP., Morgan, D.J. and Havenstein, D.E. (1971). J. appl. Ecol. 8: 69.

O'Loughlin, G.T. (1958). J. Agric. Vic. 56: 385.

Peak, J.W., Morley, F.H.W. and Grylls, N.E. (1963). Aust. J. agric. Res. 14: 639.

Smith, P.R. (1966). Aust. J. agric. Res. 17: 875.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 767 by G.R. Johnstone, 1983. Revised by P.W.G. Chu, 1987.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

A taxonomic proposal has been submitted to the ICTV by the Plant Virus Subcommittee, Study Group for Caulimoviridae at the meeting in San Diego, March 1998 to include a new taxon (in the Genus Nanovirus). The proposal has been approved at the meeting of the Executive Committee in San Diego, 1998, the taxon has been designated as Type Species.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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