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79.0.P.DE.02 Apple stem pittingvirus

Table of Contents

Taxonomy

Original Source and History of Virus
Virion Properties


Morphology
Physicochemical and Physical Properties
Nucleic Acid
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates

Genome Organization and Replication

Infectivity
Replication
Function of Helper and Satellite Viruses
Cytopathology

Antigenic Properties

Serological Relationships
Diagnosis

Biological Properties

Symptoms and Host Range
Transmission
Geographic Distribution
Ecology and Control
Diagnostic and Methods

Taxonomic Structure
General Comments
References
Data sources and Contributors
Related Databases
Additional Data Sources and Teaching aids

Taxonomy

Virus Code. 79.0.P.DE.02. Virus Accession number 790pde02.
Synonym(s): apple spy 227 epinasty and decline virus (Gilmer. 1962; Mink et al., 1971; Desvignes and Savio, 1975), hawthorn ring pattern mosaic virus, pear necrotic spot virus (Yanase et al., 1989; Koganezawa and Yanase, 1990), pear stony pit virus (Koganezawa and Yanase, 1990; Németh, 1986; Van der Meer, 1986), pear vein yellows virus (Yanase et al., 1989; Van der Meer, 1986).
Approved acronym: ASPV.

Virus infects plants.

Virus is presently not recognised by the ICTV. Virus is listed in the plant virus database VIDEdB.

Description is on taxonomic level of species. Virus belongs to the genus VIDE ungrouped.

Virus first reported in Malus sylvestris. From the U.S.A. Reference(s): Smith (1954).

Properties of Virion

Morphology

Virions not enveloped. Nucleocapsids filamentous; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; 800 nm long; 12-15 nm in diameter. Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obscure.

Physicochemical an Physical Properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations (isopycnic centrifugation), or three sedimenting components in purified preparations (sucrose density gradient. TIP: 55-60 °C. LIV: 0.3-1 days. DEP: log10 minus 2-3.

Nucleic Acid

Virions contain one molecule of linear single stranded RNA.

Sequence database accession code(s):
D21829 Em(40)_vi:AITASPV Gb(84)_vi:AITASPV Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) RNAs for putative viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, triple
D21828 Em(40)_vi:PAVYV Gb(84)_vi:PAVYV Pear vein yellows-associated virus (PVYV) RNA for coat protein, complete cds. 6/94 1,598bp. 2 sequence. NCBI Taxon ID: 35350. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Koganezawa and Yanase (1990).

Proteins

One structural virion protein found. Protein size 48000 Da. Coat protein.

Function of Helper and Satellite Viruses. Virions associated with helper virus, but independent from its functions during replication.

Cytopathology. Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions absent from infected cells. Other cellular changes: disorganisation of chloroplasts (Koganezawa and Yanase, 1990).

Antigenic Properties

Serological Relationships

See Welsh and Uyemoto (1980).

Diagnosis

Best tests for diagnosis: The virus can be distinguished from others with filamentous virions with similar length by finding end-to-end aggregates of virions in leaf dip preparations by electron microscopy. Also by grafting to woody indicator plants.

Biological Properties

Symptoms and Host Range

Host of virus belongs to the Domain Eucarya. Host of virus belongs to the Kingdom Plantae.

Natural Host Range and Symptoms

Symptoms persist.


Malus sylvestris - commercial cultivars show decline when grafted to sensitive rootstocks such as Virginia Crab and M. sieboldii.
Malus sieboldii - dieback, inner bark necrosis.
Malus sieboldii var. arborescens - leaf epinasty, inner bark necrosis.
Pyrus communis - vein yellowing.
Crataegus ssp., Sorbus mitchelli - latent infection.

Experimental Host Range and Symptoms

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostic, Propagational and Assay Host Range


Diagnostic host: susceptible host species and symptoms
Nicotiana occidentalis 37B - vein yellowing and leaf necrosis.
N. occidentalis ssp. obliqua - necrotic local lesions.
Malus sylvestris cv. Spy 227 - leaf epinasty and decline.
M. sylvestris cv. Virginia Crab - stem pitting.
M. sylvestris cvs Radiant or Sparkler - leaf epinasty.
M. sieboldii MO65 - dieback, inner bark necrosis and necrotic leaf spot.
Pyrus communis cv. Nouveau Poiteau - necrotic leaf spot.
Pyronia veitchii - chlorotic spot on leaves and epinasty.


Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris.
Maintenance and propagation host species: any susceptible Malus sp., Nicotiana occidentalis 37B.
Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants) Nicotiana occidentalis ssp. obliqua (L), Malus sylvestris cvs Virginia Crab, Spy 227, Radiant, Sparkler (W), M. sieboldii MO65 (W).

Susceptible Hosts

Experimentally infected species susceptible to virus: Celosia cristata, or Chenopodium murale, or Chenopodium quinoa, or Crataegus, or Cucumis sativus, or Gomphrena globosa, or Malus platycarpa, or Malus sieboldii, or Malus sieboldii var. arborescens, or Malus sylvestris, or Nicotiana occidentalis (cv. 37B), or Nicotiana occidentalis ssp. obliqua, or Physalis floridana, or Pyronia veitchii, or Pyrus communis, or Sesamum indicum, or Sorbus mitchelli, or Tetragonia tetragonioides.

Insusceptible Hosts

Species inoculated with virus, but tested not to be susceptible: Chenopodium quinoa, or Nicotiana bigelovii, or Nicotiana glutinosa, or Nicotiana megalosiphon, or Nicotiana rustica, or Nicotiana tabacum, or Phaseolus vulgaris, or Physalis floridana.

Families containing susceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae (2/2), or Chenopodiaceae (2/2), or Cucurbitaceae (1/1), or Pedaliaceae (1/1), or Rosaceae (8/8), or Solanaceae (3/8), or Tetragoniaceae (1/1).

Families containing insusceptible hosts: Chenopodiaceae (1/2), or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/1), or Solanaceae (6/8).

Sources of host-range data: Mink et al. (1971); Yanase (1974); Sweet (1980); Fridlund (1980b); Németh (1986); Van Dijk et al. (1987); Stouffer (1989); Yanase et al. (1989); Koganezawa and Yanase (1990).

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Geographic Distribution

Spreads in Australia, or Austria, or Bulgaria, or Canada, or China, or the former Czechoslovakia, or Denmark, or France, or Germany, or Greece, or Hungary, or Israel, or Italy, or Japan, or Korea Republic, or the Netherlands, or New Zealand, or Norway, or Poland, or Portugal, or Romania, or South Africa, or Spain, or Sweden, or Switzerland, or the UK, or the USA, or the former USSR, or Uruguay, or the former Yugoslavia.

Ecology and Control

Studies reported by Welsh and Nyland (1965); Mink et al. (1973); Cutting and Montgomery (1973); Fridlund (1980a); Németh (1986).

Diagnostic and Methods

Leaf sap contains few virions. Method: Koganezawa and Yanase (1990).

Taxonomic Structure

Taxonomic structure of the species.
Strains: mild and severe strains recognised.

General Comments

Although filamentous virions are associated with apple stem pitting disease, this virus has not yet been transmitted back to apple. Pear vein yellows virus, pear stony pit virus, pear necrotic spot virus and quince sooty ringspot virus are probably identical with apple stem pitting virus (Desvignes and Savio, 1975; Kegler et al., 1979; Yanase et al., 1989).

References

Cutting, C.V. and Montgomery, H.B.S. (1973). More and Better Fruit with East Malling and Long Ashton Research Stations, U.K.
Desvignes, JC and Savio, A (1975). Acta Hort. 44: 139.
Fridlund, P.R. (1980a). Plant Dis. 64: 826.
Fridlund, P.R. (1980b). Acta Phytopath. Acad. Sci. Hung. 15: 153.
Gilmer, RM (1962). Phytopathology 52: 1027.
Kegler, H., Verderevskaja, T. and Fuchs, E. (1979). Arch. Gartenb. 27: 325.
Koganezawa, H. and Yanase, H. (1990). Plant Dis. 74: 610.
Machita, I. (1991). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 57: 90.
Mink, G.I., Shay, J.R., Gilmer, RM and Stouffer, R.F. (1971). Search Agric. 1: 9.
Mink, G.I., Yanase, H., Yamaguchi, Y. and Sawamura, K. (1973). Hort. Sci. 8: 296.
Németh, M. (1986). In: Virus, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia Diseases of Fruit Trees, 841 pp. Akademia Kiado, Budapest.
Smith, W.W. (1954). Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 63: 101.
Stouffer, R.F. (1989). In: Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Pome Fruits and Similar Noninfectious Disorders, p. 138; ed. P.R. Fridlund. Washington State University Coop. Ext. Spec. Publ.
Sweet, J.B. (1980). J. hort. Sci. 55: 103.
Van Dijk, P., van der Meer, F.A. and Piron, P.G.M. (1987). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 93: 73.
Welsh, M.F. and Nyland, G. (1965). Can. J. Pl. Sci. 45: 443.
Welsh, M.F. and Uyemoto, JK (1980). Phytopathology 70: 349.
Yanase, H. (1974). Bull. Fruit Tree Res. Stn, Ser. C 1: 47.
Yanase, H., Koganezawa, H. and Fridlund, P.R. (1989). Acta Hort. 235: 157.

Data sources and contributors.

Presented data have been collated for the plant virus database VIDEdB by H. Koganezawa, 1992.

The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

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Last updated: 15 June 2004 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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