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00.088.0.01. Benyvirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.088.0.01. Benyvirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the genus level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.088.0.01. Virus accession number: 088001GE. Obsolete virus code: 88.0.1.; superceded accession number: 88010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 143901.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Virus is not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight (and fragile, has a herring-bone pattern. Segments have different predominant lengths with clear predominate lengths with a length of 390 nm; 265 nm; 100 nm; 70 nm; width of about 20 nm. Axial canal is distinct (with a repeat of four turns, involving 49 capsid protein (CP) subunits. Each CP subunit occupies four nucleotides on the RNA). Basic helix is right-handed and obvious. Pitch of helix is 2.6 nm. The nucleocapsid CP is segmented.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 65-70°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 5-8 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4-5. Extent of effect on virion infectivity is reduced in crude sap. Under in vitro conditions virions are stable when stored at 20°C. The infectivity is retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented and multipartite. Segments are distributed over several particles of varying size, depending on the length of the genome enclosed. The genome consists of four segments of, or five segments of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The complete genome is 13500-14600 nucleotides long (excluding poly(A) tails). The RNA-1 is fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 6750 nucleotides long and encodes one large ORF that encodes a putative replication-associated protein which is cleaved posttranslationally. RNA-2 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 4610 nucleotides long and encodes 6 ORFs that code for the CP, the CP read-through protein, a protein presumably involved in viral movement encoded by a triple gene block, and a cystein-rich protein. RNA-3;   is sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is 1770 nucleotides long. RNA-4 has been fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 1470 nucleotides long. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap; has of RNA-3 and RNA-4 unusually long non-coding regions; they are 445 (RNA-3) and 379 (RNA-4) nucleotides long; cap sequence type is m7GpppA. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract. The 3'-terminus has no tRNA-like structure. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 2 different types of particles. The largest particles contain RNA-1. The medium sized particles contain RNA-2. The smallest particles contain deletion mutants in the shortest particles.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 95% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein has a molecular mass of 21000 Da.

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis and 7 non-structural protein(s) are found. The virus codes for read-through polypeptides, movement proteins, replication-associated proteins, transmission helper proteins, interacting with the vector, and symptom enhancing proteins; an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (encoded on RNA-1). In addition to the polymerase, the virus codes for enzymes such as papain-like protease, helicase, methyl-transferase, and replicase; 2 internal protein(s). The non-structural protein is associated with the capsid; proteins function in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Non-structural protein is translated from the first AUG at position 154; has a molecular mass of 237 kDa. The protein is coded from RNA-1 of ORF1; a replication-associated protein and possesses a its N-terminal part a methyltransferase motif (Mt), at the central part a helicase (Hel) and a papain-like protease motif (Prot), and at its C-terminal part a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) motif. Non-structural protein is translated from the downstream AUG at position 496 onwards has a molecular mass of 220 kDa. The protein of ORF2. The protein is a replication-associated protein possesses a its N-terminal part a methyltransferase motif (Mt), at the central part a helicase (Hel) and a papain-like protease motif (Prot), and at its C-terminal part a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) motif. Non-structural protein cell to cell movement protein; has a molecular mass of 13, 15, and 42 kDa. The protein is coded from RNA-2; of ORF5-ORF7. The protein is presumably viral movement; possesses helicase motif. Non-structural protein CP read-through; the protein is coded from RNA-2 of ORF3. Its role is initiating encapsidation and enabling transmission (at the C-terminal part).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells. The genome expression is based on RNA production which can be analyzed by the dsRNA patterns found in the infected tissues. Usually there are 4 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass CARYOPHYLLIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by fungi; of the order Plasmodiophorales; Polymyxa betae. Virus is not transmitted by Polymyxa graminis, Myzus persicae, Acyrthosiphon (Aulacorthum) solani.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Tetragoniaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Beta macrocarpa, Beta patellaris, Beta vulgaris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Gomphrena globosa, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, or Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Pedaliaceae, or Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Amaranthus retroflexus, Antirrhinum majus, Arachis hypogaea, Astragalus sinicus, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Capsicum annuum, Celosia cristata, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita moschata, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Glycine max, Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana, Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Secale cereale, Senecio vulgaris, Sesamum indicum, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in East Asia, Eurasia, the Mediterranean, and North America. The virus occurs in Austria, or Belgium, or Bulgaria, or China, or Czechoslovakia (former), or France, or Germany, or Greece, or Hungary, or Italy, or Japan, or Mongolia, or the Netherlands, or Poland, or Romania, or Saint Vincent and Grenadines, or Switzerland, or Turkey, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or the USSR (former), or Yugoslavia.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 00.088.0.01.001. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

A taxonomic proposal has been submitted to the ICTV by the Plant Virus Subcommittee, Study Group for Furovirus at the meeting in Strasburg, April 1997, to create a new taxon. The taxon has been designated as Genus.

Images

Taxon images: • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • d391f13.gif.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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