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00.077.0.01. Tymovirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.077.0.01. Tymovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the genus level (not yet assigned to a family).

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.077.0.01. Virus accession number: 077001GE. Obsolete virus code: 77.0.1.; superceded accession number: 77010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12148.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Turnip yellow mosaic virus group. Virus is of the family 00.077. Tymoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry (T=3). The capsid is isometric and has a diameter of 25-28.03-32 nm. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible, or is not obvious. The capsid consists of 32 capsomers; 12 of which are pentons; 20 are hexons.

Capsids are frequently penetrated by stain and most centers are dark. Incomplete particles are found. They are devoid of nucleic acid characterized by capsids with dark centers in negative stain preparations.






















Electron micrograph by R.G. Milne, Istituto di Virologia, CRN, Torino, Italy.
Additional electron micrographs of tymoviruses can be viewed at the Picture Gallery.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions, or many virions.
























Additional 3D image of virus reconstruction can be found at Virus World, Molecular Virology, Madison.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.26-1.358-1.45 g cm-3. There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 106-114.2-125 S20w; of the other(s) are 42-53.87-64 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 3.3-5.893-9.46. A260/A280 ratio is 0.64-2.075-8.51. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 55-70.62-90°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 2-22.1-100 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, or 6, or 7, or 8, or 9. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 23-34.73-39% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA. The complete genome is 6000-7000 nucleotides long, is sequenced, complete sequence is about 6000-6500 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 13.6-16.35-20.5 % guanine; 17-21.91-24.1 % adenine; 31.3-35.55-41 % cytosine; 22.15-26.24-29.4 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has a subgenomic promoter, a conserved region known as "tymobox". The 3'-terminus has a tRNA-like structure. The genome has an intergenic poly (A) region.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 61-64.85-77% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein has a molecular mass of 20000 Da; is the coat protein.

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis and 2 non-structural protein(s) are found.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Polyamines

Other compounds that have been detected in the virus particles are polyamines, several hundred molecules of spermine and spermidine.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells.

Translation: The genome replicates in in association with chloroplasts.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

General Symptoms in Plants Virus affects the vascular system, or photosynthetic system. Symptoms are expressed in the leaf.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Infection is apparent, or not apparent. Signs and symptoms persist, or vary seasonally, or disappear soon after infection.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector, or not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting, or not transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts, or not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds, or not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Coleoptera. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner, or in a semi-persistent manner.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families, several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Aceraceae, Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Bombacaceae, Campanulaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cleomaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gesneriaceae, Gramineae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Martyniaceae, Passifloraceae, Pedaliaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polemoniaceae, Resedaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Tiliaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Umbelliferae, Valerianaceae, Violaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Abelia grandiflora, Abelmoschus esculentus, Abrus precatorius, Abutilon hirtum, Acer palmatum, Adansonia digitata, Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabis ludoviciana, Arachis hypogaea, Atropa belladonna, Barbarea vulgaris, Bauhinia purpurea, Beta vulgaris, Borreria intricans, Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica carinata, Brassica juncea, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, or Brassicaceae, Cajanus cajan, Camelina sativa, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum, Cardamine lilaciana, Cassia occidentalis, Catalpa bignonioides, Catharanthus roseus, Ceiba pentandra, Celosia argentea, Cheiranthus cheiri, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cicer arietinum, Citrullus lanatus, Citrullus vulgaris, Cleome spinosa, Clitoria ternatea, Conringia orientalis, Corchorus, Corchorus olitorius, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Desmodium laevigatum, Desmodium paniculatum, Desmodium scorpiurus, Desmodium tortuosum, Desmodium triflorum, Dianthus barbatus, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Echinocystis, Erysimum cheiranthoides, Erysimum crepidifolium, Erysimum helveticum, Erysimum perovskianum, Erysimum pulchellum, Erysimum sylvestre, Euphorbia cyathophora, Euphorbia fulgens, Euphorbia marginata, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Fibigia clypata, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Gossypium hirsutum, Gypsophila elegans, Helianthus annuus, Hibiscus cannabinus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Hordeum vulgare, Hyoscyamus niger, Indigofera australis, Ipomoea nil, Kennedya rubicunda, Lablab purpureus, Lathyrus odoratus, Lavatera trimestris, Lepidium campestre, Leptosiphon, Lespedeza stipulacea, Lobelia erinus, Lunaria annua, Lupinus angustifolius, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Macroptilium lathyroides, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Malvastrum coromandelianum, Marah macrocarpus, Marah oreganus, Matthiola incana, Momordica balsamina, Neslia paniculata, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana glutinosa x N. clevelandii, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Ocimum basilicum, Ononis repens, Passiflora edulis, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis angulata, Physalis floridana, Physalis heterophylla, Physalis peruviana, Physalis subglabrata, Pisum sativum, Plantago major, Proboscidea jussieu, Raphanus raphanistrum, Raphanus sativus, Reseda odorata, Scrophularia nodosa, Sesamum indicum, Sesbania exaltata, Sida acuta, Sida linifolia, Sida rhomboidea, Sinapis alba, Sinapis arvensis, Sinningia speciosa, Sisymbrium officinale, Solanum chacoense, Solanum demissum, Solanum dulcamara, Solanum integrifolium, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum seaforthianum, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus oleraceus, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Theobroma cacao, Thlaspi arvense, Tithonia speciosa, Torenia fournieri, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trigonella caerulea, Triticum aestivum, Tropaeolum majus, Urena lobata, Valerianella, Vicia faba, Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata, Vigna subterranea, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata, Viola cornuta.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Bombacaceae, Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophyllaceae, or Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, or Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gesneriaceae, Gramineae, Labiatae, or Leguminosae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, or Liliaceae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, Onagraceae, or Papaveraceae, Passifloraceae, Pedaliaceae, Plantaginaceae, or Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, or Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tetragoniaceae, or Tropaeolaceae, Umbelliferae, Valerianaceae, Violaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus, Adansonia digitata, or Amaranthaceae, Amaranthus caudatus, Anthriscus cerefolium, Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens, Arachis hypogaea, Atropa belladonna, Avena sativa, Bellis perennis, Beta patellaris, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Cajanus cajan, Calendula officinalis, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Cassia artemisioides, Cassia occidentalis, Catalpa bignonioides, Catharanthus roseus, Ceiba pentandra, Celosia argentea, Cheiranthus cheiri, or Chenopodiaceae, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cicer arietinum, Citrullus lanatus, Clarkia amoena, Crambe arreria, Crambe cordifolia, Crambe hispanica, Crambe tataria, Crotalaria spectabilis, or Cruciferae, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Dactylis glomerata, Dahlia pinnata, Datura ferox, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Delphinium hybridum, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Euphorbia marginata, Fagopyrum esculentum, Fragaria vesca, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Gossypium hirsutum, Gypsophila elegans, Helianthus annuus, Hordeum vulgare, Hyoscyamus niger, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea purpurea, Ipomoea setosa, Lablab purpureus, Lactuca sativa, or Leguminosae, Lens culinaris, Leptosiphon, Lilium formosanum, Linum usitatissimum, Lobelia erinus, Lolium perenne, Lotus corniculatus, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Macroptilium lathyroides, or Malvaceae, Matthiola incana, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Momordica balsamina, Myosotis sylvatica, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Papaver nudicaule, Papaver rhoeas, or Passifloraceae, Pastinaca sativa, Petroselinum crispum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis aequata, Physalis floridana, Physalis ixocarpa, Physalis peruviana, Physalis viscosa, Pisum sativum, Plantago major, Podolepis robusta, Raphanus sativus, Ricinus communis, Salvia splendens, Senecio vulgaris, Sesamum indicum, Sesbania exaltata, Setaria italica, Sinningia speciosa, or Solanaceae, Solanum chacoense, Solanum demissum, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus oleraceus, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Theobroma cacao, Torenia fournieri, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum, Triticum aestivum, Tropaeolum majus, Valeriana officinalis, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Viola cornuta, Viola tricolor, Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus, or nucleolus, or chloroplast, or mitochondria, or cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells, or not present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Eurasia, or North America, or South and Central Americas. The virus occurs in Australia, or Bolivia, or Brazil, or Bulgaria, or Canada, or Chile, or Colombia, or Cote d'Ivoire, or Ecuador, or Germany, or Kenya, or Nigeria, or Peru, or Sierra Leone, or Trinidad and Tobago, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or Yemen.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 00.077.0.01.001. Turnip yellow mosaic virus .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Koenig R, Lesemann D-E, Commandeur U.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.
A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 214.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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