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00.074.0.04.002. Red clover necrotic mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.074.0.04.002. Red clover necrotic mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Czechoslovakia (former).

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Trifolium pratense.

Natural host and symptoms
Trifolium pratense — necrotic local lesions, mosaics, leaf deformation.

Medicago sativa, Melilotus officinalis, Trifolium repens.

Reference to Isolation Report
Musil (1969a, Musil et al. (1967, Gould et al. (1981).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.074.0.04.002. Virus accession number: 74004002. Obsolete virus code: 23.0.1.0.002; superceded accession number: 23010002.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12267.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): clover primary leaf necrosis virus (Ragetli and Elder, 1977), clover red necrotic mosaic virus. ICTV approved acronym: RCNMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.074.0.04. Dianthovirus in the family 00.074. Tombusviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 31-34 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsid surface structure reveals a regular pattern with distinctive features (granular). The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Virions swell in UA. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Hollings and Stone (1974, Hollings et al. (1977b).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.363 g cm-3 (1.37 when fixed with aldehydes). There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 135 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 85-90°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 63-70 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 5. The infectivity is decreased by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 23% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 5337 nucleotides long. The RNA-1 is fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 3889 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[J04357] Em(40)_vi:RNMRS1 Gb(84)_vi:RNMRS1 Red clover necrotic mosaic virus RNA-1, complete sequence. 3/91 3,890bp.
[X08021] Em(40)_vi:RCNMV2 Gb(84)_vi:RCNMV2 Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) RNA2. 9/93 1,448bp. 2 sequences. RNA-2 is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 1448 nucleotides long (RNA-2). The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap; cap sequence type is m7GpppA. The multipartite genome is divided among different particles, each segment encapsidated separately.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 77% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to 60 strains of 45 isometric viruses.

Some isolates induce different symptoms, for example with those from England and Scotland are different. Tetragonia tetragonioides is infected systemically only by strain TpM-34.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector; Experimentally transmitted by the chytrid Olpidium radicale. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission: Virus does not require a helper virus for vector transmission.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Phytolaccaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Amaranthus caudatus, Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens, Arachis hypogaea, Atriplex hortensis, Beta vulgaris, Celosia argentea, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Datura stramonium, Fagopyrum esculentum, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Hyoscyamus niger, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Melilotus officinalis, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Ocimum basilicum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phytolacca americana, Pisum sativum, Rumex acetosa, Saponaria vaccaria, Silene armeria, Solanum demissum, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Tropaeolum majus, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Apocynaceae, Caryophyllaceae, or Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus, Ageratum conyzoides, Bellis perennis, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Catharanthus roseus, Cheiranthus cheiri, Chenopodium capitatum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Emilia sagittata, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea setosa, Lupinus angustifolius, Petunia x hybrida, Physalis floridana, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Stellaria media, Torenia fournieri, Verbesina encelioides, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Gomphrena globosa — necrotic local lesions, not systemic.

Chenopodium capitatum — necrotic local lesions, systemic chlorosis, mottle, rosetting, stunting and leaf deformation.

Chenopodium quinoa, Ocimum basilicum — necrotic local lesions, not systemic.

Cucumis sativus cv. Butcher's Disease Resistor — necrotic local lesions in cotyledons; not systemic.

Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Prince — chlorotic/necrotic local lesions, systemic necrotic streaks, stunting, leaf deformation.

Vigna unguiculata cv. Blackeye — necrotic local lesions, systemic mottle.

Nicotiana clevelandii — necrotic local lesions, systemic chlorotic rings, mottle, stunting, severe puckering and leaf deformation.

N. tabacum cv. White Burley — chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; not systemic.

Tetragonia tetragonioides — necrotic local lesions, not systemic.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Phaseolus vulgaris, Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Cucumis sativus (L), Chenopodium quinoa (L), Ocimum basilicum (L), Phaseolus vulgaris (L,W), Vigna unguiculata (L,W), Nicotiana clevelandii (L,W).

References to host data: Hollings et al. (1977b, Hollings unpublished data.

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves, roots, stems and flowers.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions are amoeboid.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Czechoslovakia (former), Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in Australia, Poland, Canada and New Zealand.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Isolates differing in their serological types reported from England, Scotland, Sweden and the former Czechoslovakia.

References

Bowen, R. and Plumb, R.T. (1979). Ann. appl. Biol. 91: 227.

Gerhardson, B. and Lindsten, K. (1973). Phytopath. Z. 76: 67.

Gould, AR., Francki, RIB., Hatta, T. and Hollings, M. (1981). Virology 108: 499.

Hiruki, C. (1987). Adv. Virus Res. 33: 251.

Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1974). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1973, p. 122.

Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 181, 4 pp.

Hollings, M., Stone, O.M. and Pawley (1977b). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1976, p. 129.

Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1980). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1979, p. 160.

Lommel, S.A., Weston-Fina, M., Xiong, Z. and Lomonossoff, G.P. (1988). Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 8587.

MacFarlane, I. (1982). Rep. Rothamsted Exp. Stn. 1982, p. 190.

Marcinka, K., Musil, M. and Mrena (1969). Acta. Virol. Prague 13: 247.

Musil, M. (1969a). Acta. Virol. Prague 13: 226.

Musil, M. (1969b). Biol. BrAT 24: 33.

Musil, M. and Matisova, J. (1967). Ochr. Rost. 3: 225.

Osman, T.A.M. and Buck, KW (1987). J. gen. Virol. 68: 289.

Osman, T.A.M. and Buck, KW (1990). J. gen. Virol. 71: 945.

Osman, T.A.M., Miller, SJ, Marriott, AC. and Buck, KW (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 213.

Ragetli, H.W.J. and Elder, M. (1977). Can. J. Bot. 55: 2122.

Xiong, Z. and Lommel, S.A. (1989). Virology 171: 543.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 674 by M. Hollings, 1980. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 181.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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