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00.074.0.01.001. Tomato bushy stunt virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.074.0.01.001. Tomato bushy stunt virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United Kingdom.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Lycopersicon esculentum.

Natural host and symptoms
Lycopersicon esculentum — bushy growth, fewer smaller fruits with chlorotic blotching, rings and line pattern.

Capsicum annuum — stunting, mottling, deformation of the leaves, no fruit.

Solanum melongena — stunting, leaf mottling and crinkling; few spotted and deformed fruit.

Tulipa ssp. — leaf and petal necrosis.

Tolmiea menziesii — stunting and leaf mottling.

Malus ssp., Pyrus ssp. — no symptoms. Comments on host and host range: most hosts are only infected locally.

Reference to Isolation Report
Smith, 1935.

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.074.0.01.001. Virus accession number: 74001001. Obsolete virus code: 74.0.1.0.001; superceded accession number: 74010001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12145.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: TBSV. Virus is the type of the genus 00.074.0.01. Tombusvirus in the family 00.074. Tombusviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry (T=3). The capsid is isometric and has a diameter of 33.6-35.4 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsid surface structure reveals a regular pattern with distinctive features (of granular appearance). The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. The capsid consists of 32 capsomers. Virion composed of 180 protein subunits).

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Gallitelli et al. (1985).

3D image of virus reconstruction can be found at the Institute for Molecular Virology, Madison, WI..

3D postcard image of virus reconstruction can be found at the Institute for Molecular Virology, Madison, WI.

.

Capsid structures, detailed structural and computational analysis are found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using VIPERdB, the VIrus Particle ExploreR 1a34.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.35 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 130 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 4.1. A260/A280 ratio is 1.64. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 80-90°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 130-150 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around often above 6. The infectivity is retained when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 17% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA, or subgenomic RNA and satellite RNA (occasionally), or nucleic acid of host origin and subgenomic RNA, that is mRNA. Virions may also contain defective RNA species arising from a deletion of full-length genomic RNA. The complete genome is 4776 nucleotides long, is fully sequenced and partially sequenced, complete sequence is 4700 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[M18056] Em(40)_vi:TBSVDI Gb(84)_vi:TBSVDI Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering virion RNA. 7/89 396bp.
[M21958] Em(40)_vi:TBSCPP Gb(84)_vi:TBSACG Tomato bushy stunt virus complete genome. 12/90 4,776bp.
[M59041] Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPA Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPA Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 591bp.
[M59042] Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPB Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPB Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 546bp.
[M59043] Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPC Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPC Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 591bp.
[M59044] Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPD Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPD Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 595bp.
[M59045] Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPE Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPE Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 599bp.
[M59046] Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPF Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPF Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 594bp.
[M59047] Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPG Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPG Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 620bp.
[M59048] Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPH Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPH Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 578bp.
[M59049] Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPI Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPI Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 583bp.
[M59050] Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPJ Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPJ Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 592bp. 12 sequences.
The genome has a base ratio of 28.6 % guanine; 26.3 % adenine; 21.2 % cytosine; 26.3 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a probably methylated nucleotide cap. Each virion contains a full length copy and defective interfering copies (are known to occur). Reference to nucleotide sequence Gallitelli et al. (1985).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 83% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein COAT_TBSVB. Capsid protein has a molecular mass of 40540 Da (387 AA) with 180 copies per virion; sequence has the accession number [P11795]; is the coat protein.

Reference to method of preparation: Gallitelli and Russo (1987).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Hopper et al. (1984).

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been isolated (Martelli: by electrophoresis from in vitro translation systems) and 3 non-structural protein(s) are found.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells. The genome expression is based on RNA production which can be analyzed by the dsRNA patterns found in the infected tissues. Usually there are 4 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells (plus 1). Size of largest virus specified dsRNA 4.733 kbp (corresponding to the genome). 2nd largest 2.188 kbp (first subgenomic). 3rd largest 0.936 kbp (2nd subgenomic). 4th largest 0.62 kbp (satellite RNA). 5th largest 0.499 kbp (DI RNA).

Translation: Coat protein mRNA is translated in in the cytoplasm probably.

The genome replicates in probably the cytoplasm (in association with multivesicular bodies).

Virions may provide helper functions to dependent virus during replication. Virion acts as helper for a satellite RNA.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to artichoke mottled crinkle, Pelargonium leaf curl and Petunia asteroid mosaic viruses are closely related; Moroccan pepper virus is distantly related; eggplant mottled crinkle, carnation Italian ringspot, Lato River and Neckar River viruses are very distantly related. The virus does not show serological relationships to Cymbidium ringspot, cucumber necrosis and grapevine Algerian latent viruses.

Sequences homologous with those of other species of genus (especially in certain ORFs). The coat protein gene is, unusually, located upstream of a 3' terminal ORF coding for a non-virion protein.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are mechanically inoculated plants of Gomphrena globosa produce characteristic local lesions within 24-36 hours and those of Ocimum basilicum in less than a week.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (at a low rate, possibly transmitted by pollen to the seed.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Liliaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae (2 /2), Saxifragaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Antirrhinum majus, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Celosia argentea, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Datura stramonium, Dianthus barbatus, Gomphrena globosa, Gypsophila elegans, Hyoscyamus niger, Lavatera trimestris, Lycopersicon esculentum, Malus, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana, Pyrus, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Tolmiea menziesii, Tulipa, Vicia faba, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Zinnia elegans.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of systemic mosaics and mottles.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Gomphrena globosa — necrotic reddish local lesions, some isolates infect systemically.

Ocimum basilicum — necrotic black local lesions with lighter centre; not systemic.

Chenopodium amaranticolor — whitish necrotic dots with chlorotic haloes; rarely systemic.

Chenopodium quinoa — chlorotic local lesions; rarely systemic.

Nicotiana clevelandii — chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; systemic mottle and necrosis.

Nicotiana glutinosa — brown necrotic local lesions.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are

Datura stramonium, Nicotiana clevelandii, Gomphrena globosa, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Gomphrena globosa (L), Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Nicotiana glutinosa (L), Nicotiana clevelandii (W), Datura stramonium (W).

References to host data: Schmelzer (1958, Cherif and Spire (1983).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, and cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals. Inclusions are multivesicular bodies derived from peroxisomes or mitochondria. Inclusions do not contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Argentina, Morocco, Tunisia, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America (in California). The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in Portugal, France, Italy, Germany and Canada.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Cherif and Spire (1983, Kegler and Kegler (1981, Tomlinson and Faithfull (1984).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Type, BS-3 and others.

References

Cherif, C. and Spire, D. (1983). Agronomie 3: 70.

Gallitelli, D. and Russo, M. (1987). Phytopath. Z. 119: 106.

Gallitelli, D., Hull, R. and Koenig, R. (1985). J. gen. Virol. 66: 1523.

Herne, P.Q., Knorr, D.A., Hillman, B.I. and Morris, TJ (1990). Virology 177: 141.

Hopper, P., Harrison, S.C. and Sauer, R.T. (1984). J. mol. Biol. 177: 701.

Koenig, R. and Gibbs, AJ. (1986). J. gen. Virol. 67: 75.

Kegler, G. and Kegler, H. (1981). Arch. Phytopathol. PflSchutz. 17: 307.

Martelli, G.P., Gallitelli, D. and Russo, M. (1988). In: The Plant Viruses; Vol. 3, Polyhedral Virions with Monopartite RNA Genomes, p. 13; ed. R. Koenig. Plenum Press, New York.

Martelli, G.P., Russo, M. and Gallitelli, D. (1989). AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 352, 8pp.

Martelli, G.P., Quacquarelli, A and Russo, M. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 69, 4 pp.

Olsen, AJ., Briscogne, G. and Harrison, S.C. (1983). J. mol. Biol. 171: 61.

Schmelzer, K. (1958). Z. PflKrankh. PflPath. PflSchutz. 65: 80.

Smith, K.M. (1935). Ann. appl. Biol. 22: 731.

Tomlinson, J.A. and Faithfull, E.M. (1984). Ann. appl. Biol. 104: 485.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 825 by G.P. Martelli, 1990.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 69.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from RG Milne, Torino. • EM from RG Milne, Torino. • EM from IACR Rothamsted. • 3D from J-Y Srgo, IMV, Wisconsin. • 3D from J-Y Srgo, IMV, Wisconsin. • 3D from S Spencer, IMV, Wisconsin. • 3D from S Spencer, IMV, Wisconsin. • 3D from S Spencer, IMV, Wisconsin. • 3D particle, VIPER, Scripps. • subunit protein, VIPER, Scripps. • capsomer, VIPER, Scripps. • T3 lattice, VIPER, Scripps.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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