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00.073.0.02.001.00.001. Rubella virus, strain M33

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.073.0.02.001.00.001. Rubella virus, strain M33. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Isolate designation: M33.
Isolation date: 1961.
Location: New Jersey; the United States of America.

Reference to Isolation Report
Weller TH, Neva FA (1962) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 111: 215-225

Parkman, P.D. et al. (1962). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 111: 225-230.

Classification

This is a description of a vertebrate virus at the strain level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.073.0.02.001.00.001. Virus accession number: 73002101.
NCBI Taxonomy Identifier Taxon ID: 11043.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Virus is assigned to the genus 00.073.0.02. Rubivirus in the family 00.073. Togaviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. During their life cycle, virions have not been observed outside a cellular environment and have a cell-associated cycle. Virus capsid is enveloped by a lipid envelope with structural proteins. Virions are spherical and measure 60-70 nm in diameter. Surface projections are distinctive spikes covering evenly the surface. Surface projections are 5-8 nm long. Capsid/nucleocapsid is round and exhibits icosahedral symmetry.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The molecular mass (Mr) of virions is 52 x 106. Virions have a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.17-1.2 g cm-3. The sedimentation coefficient is 280 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 58°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.35 days (at 37°C in culture medium). Following UV radiation; virion infectivity is rapidly inactivated by heating for 10 min above 5°C. Under in vitro conditions virions are stable when stored at -70°C to -60°C (and keep infectious for prolonged intervals), or 4°C (for several days in the presence of protein). Virions are sensitive to treatment with organic solvents and detergents (which solubilzes their envelops).

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is about 9800 nucleotides long. Sequence can be accessed from GenBank; the RNA is partially sequenced and sequenced region is 948 nucleotides long, or 1822 nucleotides long, or 4226 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[AJ438491]; [J02620]; [M30776]. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract.

Reference to nucleotide sequence in PubMed: nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 3 structural protein(s) located in the envelope and nucleocapsid. The viral envelope contains 2 integral membrane proteins.

Structural Proteins: Envelope protein E1 has a molecular mass of 58000 Da and is the product of the polyprotein of 110 kd, translated from the 24S subgenomic mRNA. Envelope protein has been sequenced; sequence has the accession number [P08563]; is expressed in the late transcription phase; is forming the viral spikes (that contain neutralization and hemagglutinin epitopes, during post-translational processing envelope protein has been cleaved from the precursor protein (coding for the structural proteins E1, E2 and C, during post-translational processing envelope protein modifications occur that include glycosylation (with both N-linked glycans). Envelope protein E2; has a molecular mass of about 42000-48000 Da; has been sequenced; is expressed in the late transcription phase; during post-translational processing envelope protein modifications occur that include heavy glycosylation (with both N- andO-linked glycans). Nucleocapsid protein C; has a molecular mass of 33000 Da; is the product of the polyprotein 110 kd precursor; has been sequenced.

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis (Johnstone P, Whitby J, Bosma T, Best JM and Sanders PG. Sequence variation in 5' termini of rubella virus genomes: Changes affecting structure of the 5' proximal stem-loop. Arch. Virol.).

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Virus infects during its life cycle a single type of vertebrate host.
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata.

Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.

Class Mammalia Order Primates;
Family Hominidae.

General Symptoms in Animals Infection can affect the endocrine or exocrine system, or dermis, mucosa or epithelium. General symptoms include fever and rashes. Signs and symptoms include maculopapular; erythema marginatum. Lesions are found in skin or dermis.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Although disease expression is dependent on dose, infection is usually subacute. The infection is clinically expressed (but 50% of rubella infections are clinically inapparent). Signs and symptoms may vary, but are usually mild and disappear soon after infection. Prevalence of viral infection is seasonally dependent, and incidences of virus infection are usually observed in spring. Contagiousness is moderate; infected host is contagious for 12 days; the incubation period lasts usually 16-20 day(s).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by kissing.

Non-Vector Transmission: Virus is by inhaling; the likelihood of viral transmission by respiratory route (air-borne) is significant.

Diagnostic Hosts

For virus isolation the most commonly used cell lines or tissue cultures are from throat washings.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Cell lines or tissue cultures used for propagating virus are AGMK TC, Rab K TC and other TC.

Pathology

Virus can be best detected in respiratory tract.

Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The viral host lives under aerobic conditions.

References

Nakhasi HL, Meyer BC and Liu TY (1986). Rubella virus cDNA. Sequence and expression of E1 envelope protein. J. Biol. Chem. 261 (35), 16616-16621

Zheng DX, Dickens L, Liu TY and Nakhasi HL (1989). Nucleotide sequence of the 24S subgenomic messenger RNA of a vaccine strain (HPV77) of rubella virus: comparison with a wild-type strain (M33). Gene 82 (2), 343-349.

PubMed References.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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