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Descriptions are generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not yet published on the Web.

00.073.0.01.021. Ross River virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.073.0.01.021. Ross River virus . In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Australia.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: mosquito (Aedes vigilax).

Collection and Isolation Details
Virus was isolated by unknown.

Biocontainment Level

Distribution of this virus falls under quarantine restrictions. It is recommended to handle this virus at the biocontainment level BSL-2.

Classification

This is a description of an invertebrate or vertebrate virus at the species level with data limited to classification details. If you have primary data on this virus, please submit them to ICTVdB using the online data entry systems or contact the ICTVdB management.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.073.0.01.021. Virus accession number: 73001021. Obsolete virus code: 73.0.1.0.021; superceded accession number: 73010021.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 11029.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

The taxon has the accepted ICTV name.

ICTV approved acronym: (RRV). Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.073.0.01. Alphavirus in the family 00.073. Togaviridae; not assigned to an order.

Virion Properties

Symptoms in the host are well established and the causative agent is determined.

Distinct viral structures are visible in thin sections of infected tissue. Particles contain nucleic acid which is encapsidated.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. During their life cycle, virions have not been observed outside a cellular environment and have a cell-associated cycle. Virus capsid is enveloped (with a tight fitting membrane). Virions are spherical and measure about 70 nm in diameter. Surface projections are distinctive glycoprotein spikes covering evenly the surface. Capsid/nucleocapsid is round and exhibits icosahedral symmetry (T=4). The nucleocapsid is isometric and has a diameter of about 40 nm. Capsids appear round.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is about 11800 nucleotides long. Sequence can be accessed from GenBank; the RNA is partially sequenced. Sequence has the accession number [M20162]. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract.

Reference to nucleotide sequence in PubMed: reference(s). GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to all viruses in the genus alphavirus, especially to the Semliki Forest antigenic complex.

The virus is related to Semliki Forest antigenic complex, especially Getah virus.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Virus infects during its life cycle arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Virus has an enzootic cycle and is transmitted from arthropod vector to vertebrate host, but neither vertical nor horizontal transfer of the virus between the vertebrate hosts has been observed. Domain Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda and Chordata.

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Hexapoda; Class Insecta; Subclass Pterygota (winged insects), Order Diptera.

Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata.

Class Aves and Mammalia.

Class Mammalia Order Marsupialia and Primates;
Family Hominidae.
Virus infects Homo sapiens (human).

General Symptoms in Animals Infection can affect the musculo-skeletal system. General symptoms include anorexia, or apathy, or headache, or malaise, or pyrexia, or rashes, or retardation, or stiff neck, or swelling. Signs and symptoms include arthritis.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Infection is apparent.

Host 2: Humans. The infection is clinically expressed; disease has the name Epidemic Polyarthritis. Infection is apparent; although disease expression is dependent on dose, infection is usually chronic, or subacute. Signs and symptoms may vary, but are usually mild (The effects range from symptomless condition to polyarthritis affecting chiefly the ankles, fingers, knees and wrists.) and persist, or disappear soon after infection. Prevalence of viral infection is seasonally dependent, and incidences are usually observed in summer and during wet seasons; after heavy rainfalls. Contagiousness is not observed; the incubation period lasts usually 9 day(s). In naturally infected hosts morbidity rate may be as high as 30 %. In naturally infected hosts mortality rate may approach 0 %.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector in a direct manner. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; through an injection; not transmitted by contact between hosts. Vector Transmission: Viral transmission by vectors is frequent.

Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Diptera, family Culicidae, Culicinae (culicine mosquitoes).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families.

Host:
Experimental host is susceptible to infection suckling mice. Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of similar virulence, death.

Geographical Distribution

Geographical distribution of the virus is probably restricted. The virus spreads in Australasia and Pacific Islands. The viral host lives under aerobic conditions; in the atmosphere. The viral host is found in a pristine environment with no signs of human interference, or a undisturbed environment yet with signs of human disturbance; a populated environment. The virus occurs in Australia, or New Zealand (Aotearoa).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

A fact sheet on this virus is available from the :Auckland Public Health, , and NSW Health-Common Health Topics.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

T-8; SW0276; SW2191; SW876; V993; K1503; G88/37; G25; NB1053; 2548; 97651; 96614; 96272; KEN94; RRD353; BR16.5.2; BR14.6.7; BE; DR;.

References

Faragher SG, Meek AD, Rice CM and Dalgarno L (1988). Genome sequences of a mouse-avirulent and a mouse-virulent strain of Ross River virus. Virology 163, 509-526.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References. A description of this taxon can also be found on the web at Department of Medical Entomology, Auckland Public Health, Health Canada Travel Medecine Program, NSW Health.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

Comments to ICTVdB Management
Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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