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00.073.0.01.004.00.001. Barmah Forest virus, strain BH 2193

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.073.0.01.004.00.001. Barmah Forest virus, strain BH 2193. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Isolate designation: BH 2193.
Location: Australia.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: mosquito (Culex annulirotis).

Collection and Isolation Details
Virus was isolated by unknown.

Biocontainment Level

Distribution of this virus falls under quarantine restrictions. It is recommended to handle this virus at the biocontainment level BSL-2.

Classification

This is a description of an invertebrate or vertebrate virus at the strain level with data limited to classification details. If you have primary data on this virus, please submit them to ICTVdB using the online data entry systems or contact the ICTVdB management.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.073.0.01.004.00.001. Virus accession number: 73001104.
NCBI Taxonomy Identifier Taxon ID: 11020.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Virus is assigned to the genus 00.073.0.01. Alphavirus in the family 00.073. Togaviridae; not assigned to an order.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. During their life cycle, virions have not been observed outside a cellular environment and have a cell-associated cycle. Virus capsid is enveloped (with a tight fitting membrane). Virions are spherical and measure about 70 nm in diameter. Surface projections are distinctive glycoprotein spikes covering evenly the surface. Capsid/nucleocapsid is round and exhibits icosahedral symmetry (T=4). The nucleocapsid is isometric and has a diameter of about 40 nm.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 11488 nucleotides long. Sequence can be accessed from GenBank; the RNA is fully and partially sequenced, complete sequence is 11488 nucleotides long and sequenced region is 446 nucleotides long, or 369 nucleotides long, or 424 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[U73745]; [AF023286]; [U94596]; [L76434]. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract.

Reference to nucleotide sequence in PubMed: nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Virus infects during its life cycle arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Virus has an enzootic cycle and is transmitted from arthropod vector to competent reservoir host, or arthropod vector to vertebrate host, but neither vertical nor horizontal transfer of the virus between the vertebrate hosts has been observed. Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda and Chordata.

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Hexapoda; Class Insecta; Subclass Pterygota (winged insects), Order Diptera.

Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.

Class Mammalia Order Primates;
Family Hominidae.
Virus infects Homo sapiens (human).

General Symptoms in Animals Infection can affect the nervous system, or musculo-skeletal system. General symptoms include apathy, or fever, or headache, or malaise, or photophobia, or rashes, or stiff neck, or swelling. Signs and symptoms include arthritis, or arthralgia, or myalgia.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Although disease expression is dependent on dose, infection is usually subacute. The infection is clinically expressed. Signs and symptoms may vary, but are usually mild and persist. Prevalence of viral infection is seasonally dependent, and incidences of virus infection are usually observed in spring, or summer, or autumn and after abrupt change of weather condition and heavy rainfalls. Contagiousness is not observed.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, insects.

Geographical Distribution

Geographical distribution of the virus is probably restricted. The virus spreads in Australasia and Pacific Islands. The virus is known to occur in arid Australian regions after heavy rainfalls; viral host lives under aerobic conditions; viral host lives in the atmosphere. The viral host is found in a pristine environment with no signs of human interference, or a undisturbed environment yet with signs of human disturbance. The virus occurs in Australia.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

A fact sheet on this virus is available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID) (

References

Lee E, Stocks C, Lobigs P, Hislop A, Straub J, Marshall I, Weir R and Dalgarno L. Nucleotide sequence of the Barmah Forest virus genome, unpublished Pfeffer M, Kinney RM and Kaaden OR (1998). The alphavirus 3'-nontranslated region: size heterogeneity and arrangement of repeated sequence elements, Virology 240, 100-108 Pfeffer M, Proebster B, Kinney RM and Kaaden OR (1997). Genus-specific detection of alphaviruses by a semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 57, 709-718.

PubMed References.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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