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00.067.0.01.011. Velvet tobacco mottle virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.067.0.01.011. Velvet tobacco mottle virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Cobblers Sandhill and Innamincka, Northeastern South Australia; Australia.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Nicotiana velutina.

Natural host and symptoms
Nicotiana velutina — systemic mosaic and leaf malformation. Comments on host and host range: an isolate of velvet tobacco mottle virus freed from the satellite RNA did not cause local lesions in Nicotiana clevelandii (Francki et al., 1986).

Reference to Isolation Report
Randles et al. (1981).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.067.0.01.011. Virus accession number: 67001011. Obsolete virus code: 67.0.1.0.011; superceded accession number: 67010011.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12473.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): tobacco velvet mottle virus. ICTV approved acronym: VTMoV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.067.0.01. Sobemovirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of c. 30 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Randles et al. (1981).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.37 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 115 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 70°C. The infectivity is retained when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 20% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic mRNA and/or satellite RNA (c.1.77 kb for RNA1a and c.0.71 kb for RNA1b, and RNA2 which is of 366-367 nucleotides and has a circular, viroid-like structure, and RNA3, which is the same size and sequence as RNA2, but linear) including satellite RNA, or RNA that has a viroid-like structure. The genome is sequenced, and complete sequence is about 4200 nucleotides long. Reference to nucleotide sequence Randles et al. (1981, Gould (1981, Haseloff and Symons (1982, Keese and Symons (1986).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 80% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) (in native), or 3 structural protein(s) (in dissociated preparations).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Chu and Francki (1983, Randles et al. (1981).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to solanum nodiflorum mottle virus (SDI 1-2). The virus does not show serological relationships to lucerne transient streak, subterranean clover mottle, southern bean mosaic, broad bean mottle, carnation ringspot, Cymbidium ringspot, galinsoga mosaic, glycine mottle, narcissus tip necrosis, red clover necrotic mosaic, saguaro cactus, tomato bushy stunt and turnip crinkle viruses (Randles et al., 1981; Francki et al., 1983; Tremaine and Hamilton, 1983).

Velvet tobacco mottle virus (VTMoV) may be distinguished from solanum nodiflorum mottle virus (SNMV) in host tests; Nicotiana velutina and N. glutinosa are infected systemically by VTMoV, but not by SNMV, whereas Solanum nodiflorum is infected by SNMV but not VTMoV (Randles et al., 1981; Greber, 1981). VTMoV is serologically unrelated to two other viruses which have satellite RNAs, namely lucerne transient streak and subterranean clover mottle viruses (Tien et al., 1981; Francki et al., 1983, these satellites differ in size and sequence from that of VTMoV (Keese et al., 1983; Francki et al., 1985), but those of both VTMoV and SNMV replicate in plants infected with lucerne transient streak virus (Jones and Mayo, 1983; 1985).

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are VTMoV has virions serologically related to those of SNMV, which has a genome with 20-50% homology (Gould and Hatta, 1981), but it fails to infect Solanum nodiflorum and has a smaller satellite (Haseloff and Symons, 1982).

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, insects; Cyrtopeltis nicotianae: Miridae. Virus is transmitted in a semi-persistent manner (atypically, does not replicate in the vector; does not require a helper virus for vector transmission (Gibb and Randles, 1988).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana velutina, Nicotiana x edwardsonii.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Solanum nodiflorum.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Nicotiana clevelandii — chlorotic to necrotic local lesions, then systemic vein yellowing and mosaic.

Nicotiana glutinosa, N. x edwardsonii — mild systemic mosaic.

Nicotiana velutina — systemic vein yellowing and mosaic. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Solanum nodiflorum.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Nicotiana clevelandii (L).

References to host data: Francki et al. (1985).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are membranous bodies.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Australia (Randles et al., 1981; G. Behncken and J.W. Randles, unpublished data; Horton, 1981).

Comments

The virus occurs in gut, haemolymph and faeces, but not salivary glands, of its mirid vector.

References

Chu, P.WG and Francki, RIB. (1983). Virology 129. 350.

Francki, RIB., Grivell, C.J. and Gibb, K.S. (1986). Virology 148. 381.

Francki, RIB., Randles, J.W., Chu, P.WG, Rohozinski, J. and Hatta, T. (1985). In: Subviral Pathogens of Plants and Animals, Viroids and Prions, pp. 265-297; ed. K. Maramorosch and J.J. McKelvey. Academic Press, New York.

Francki, RIB., Randles, J.W., Hatta, T., Davies, C. and Chu, P.WG (1983). Pl. Path. 32: 47.

Gibb, K.S. and Randles, J.W. (1988). Ann. appl. Biol. 112: 427.

Gibb, K.S. and Randles, J.W. (1990). Ann. appl. Biol. 116: 513.

Greber, R.S. (1981). Aust. J. biol. Sci. 34: 369.

Gould, AR. (1981). Virology 108: 123.

Haseloff, J. and Symons, RH (1982). Nucl. Acids Res. 10: 3681.

Horton, P. (1981). J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3: 1.

Jones, AT and Mayo, MA (1983). J. gen. Virol. 64: 1771.

Jones, AT and Mayo, MA (1985). Rep. Scottish Crop Res. Inst. 1984, p.190.

Keese, P. and Symons, RH (1986). In: Viroids and Viroid-Like Pathogens, p. 1; ed. J.S. Semancik. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.

Keese, P., Bruening, G. and Symons, RH (1983). FEBS Lett. 159: 185.

Randles, J.W. and Francki, RIB. (1986). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 317, 5 pp.

Randles, J.W., Davies, C., Hatta, T. and Francki, RIB. (1981). Virology 108: 111.

Tien, P., Davies, C., Hatta, T. and Francki, RIB. (1981). FEBS Lett. 132: 353.

Tremaine, J.H. and Hamilton, RI (1983). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 274, 6 pp. The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 866 by J.W. Randles, 1986. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 317.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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