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00.060.0.02.003. Bluetongue virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.060.0.02.003. Bluetongue virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Biocontainment Level

Distribution of this virus falls under quarantine restrictions. It is recommended to handle this virus at the biocontainment level BSL-2.

Classification

This is a description of a vertebrate and invertebrate virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.060.0.02.003. Virus accession number: 60002003. Obsolete virus code: 60.0.2.02.; superceded accession number: 60020200.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 40051.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: BTV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.060.0.02. Orbivirus; of the family 00.060. Reoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid, a core, and a nucleoprotein complex. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is round and exhibits icosahedral symmetry (T=13) (inner capsid/core). The isometric capsid has a diameter of 80 nm. The capsid shells of virions are composed of two layers. Capsids appear round. The capsid surface structure does not reveal a regular pattern with distinctive features. Surface projections are often lost during preparation, or distinct spikes protruding from the 12 vertices are seen. Inner capsids core (T=13) have a diameter of 53.4-55.4 nm (VP3), or 69.2-71 nm (VP7). Virus preparations contain one particle component. The core is spherical and only one species is recovered in preparations.

Capsid structures, detailed structural and computational analysis are found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using VIPERdB, the VIrus Particle ExploreR core capsid structure.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 16% of the virion by weight (cores of 25%). The genome is segmented and consists of ten segments of linear double-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 19200 nucleotides long. The L1 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 3944 nucleotides long. L2 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2953 nucleotides long. L3 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2772 nucleotides long. M4 has been fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 1800-2000 nucleotides long. M5 has been fully sequenced, complete sequence is 1640 nucleotides long. M6 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is 1770 nucleotides long. S7 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is presented, complete sequence is 1160 nucleotides long. S8 has been fully sequenced, complete sequence is 1125 nucleotides long. S9 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 800-1100 nucleotides long. S10; complete sequence is 800-1100 nucleotides long. The 5'-terminal sequence has conserved regions; terminal repeats at the 5'-end are 8-34 nucleotides long; 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap; cap sequence type is m7G5ppp5'GmpNp. The 5'-terminus has no poly (C) tract. The 3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide sequences; of 6 nucleotides in length; in all segments and viruses of same species; sequence has conserved regions; sequence has the non-coding region is 31-116 nucleotides in length; in each gene segment. The multipartite genome is divided among different particles, each segment encapsidated separately.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 84% of the particle weight (cores of 75%).

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins located in the capsid, inner capsid, and core.

Structural Proteins: Inner capsid protein VP3_BTV1S has a molecular mass of 103181 Da (901 AA, sequence has the accession number [P56582]. Inner capsid protein VP7; has a molecular mass of 38643 Da (349 AA, sequence has the accession number [P18259].

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Virus infects during its life cycle arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Virus has an enzootic cycle and is transmitted from arthropod vector to competent reservoir host. Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata and Arthropoda.

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Hexapoda; Class Insecta.

Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.

Class Mammalia Order Artiodactyla;
Family Bovidae: Subfamily Caprinae; virus infects Genus Ovis aries (sheep).

Signs and Symptoms

Virus found in — sheep ().

General Symptoms in Animals Infection can affect the dermis, mucosa or epithelium (inflamation of the buccal and nasal mucosa). General symptoms include lesions and pyrexia (39 C). Lesions are found in in some cases epithelium and skin or dermis (of the mouth and feet).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Infection is apparent; although disease expression is dependent on dose, infection is usually acute. The infection is clinically expressed; disease has the name bluetongue. Signs and symptoms may vary, but are usually severe. In naturally infected hosts mortality rate may approach 10 %.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector in a direct manner.

Geographical Distribution

Geographical distribution of the virus is probably restricted. The virus spreads in the Mediterranean, or South and Central Americas. The virus is known to occur in Mediterranean regions. The virus occurs in Argentina, or Brazil, or Bulgaria, or France (Corsica), or Italy, or Spain, or Turkey, or Greece, or Yugoslavia (Kosovo), or F.Y.R.O.M. (Macedonia) (List of Strains and Isolates in the Species 00.060.0.02.003.02.001. Bluetongue virus 1 to 00.060.0.02.003.02.024. Bluetongue virus 24.
00.060.0.02.003.01.001. Bluetongue virus 1
00.060.0.02.003.01.103.001. Bluetongue virus serotype 1 IND01-01
00.060.0.02.003.01.088.001. Bluetongue virus serotype 1 GRE01-01
00.060.0.02.003.01.001.001. Bluetongue virus serotype 1 RSArr-01
00.060.0.02.003.02.109.001. Bluetongue virus serotype 2 ITL02/07
00.060.0.02.003.02.000.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate Ib Ar 39625
00.060.0.02.003.02.000.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate Ib Ar 49646
00.060.0.02.003.02.001.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate Biggarsberg
00.060.0.02.003.02.001.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate CSIRO 156
00.060.0.02.003.02.001.003. Bluetongue virus, isolate CSIRO 163
00.060.0.02.003.02.001.004. Bluetongue virus, isolate CSIRO 421
00.060.0.02.003.02.002.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate 22/59
00.060.0.02.003.02.002.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate Ona
00.060.0.02.003.02.003.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate Sample B
00.060.0.02.003.02.003.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate DPP 973
00.060.0.02.003.02.004.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate Vaccine-batch 603
00.060.0.02.003.02.005.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate Mossop
00.060.0.02.003.02.006.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate Strathene
00.060.0.02.003.02.006.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate Ib Ar 27945
00.060.0.02.003.02.007.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate Utrecht
00.060.0.02.003.02.007.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate Ib An 22703
00.060.0.02.003.02.008.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate Camp
00.060.0.02.003.02.009.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate University Farm
00.060.0.02.003.02.009.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate DPP 840
00.060.0.02.003.02.009.003. Bluetongue virus, isolate DPP 837
00.060.0.02.003.02.010.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate Portugal
00.060.0.02.003.02.010.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate BT-8
00.060.0.02.003.02.010.003. Bluetongue virus, isolate Ib Ar 22618
00.060.0.02.003.02.011.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate Nelspoot
00.060.0.02.003.02.011.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate USA Station
00.060.0.02.003.02.012.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate Byenespoort
00.060.0.02.003.02.013.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate 160/59
00.060.0.02.003.02.013.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate USA 67-41B
00.060.0.02.003.02.014.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate 87/59
00.060.0.02.003.02.015.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate 133/60
00.060.0.02.003.02.015.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate DPP 192
00.060.0.02.003.02.016.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate Pakistan
00.060.0.02.003.02.016.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate Ib Ar 27935
00.060.0.02.003.02.016.003. Bluetongue virus, isolate DPP 965
00.060.0.02.003.02.017.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate USA 63-66B
00.060.0.02.003.02.017.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate USA 62-45S
00.060.0.02.003.02.018.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate South Africa
00.060.0.02.003.02.019.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate South Africa
00.060.0.02.003.02.020.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate CSIRO 19
00.060.0.02.003.02.021.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate CSIRO 154
00.060.0.02.003.02.021.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate CSIRO 440
00.060.0.02.003.02.021.003. Bluetongue virus, isolate CSIRO 481
00.060.0.02.003.02.022.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate South Africa
00.060.0.02.003.02.023.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate India
00.060.0.02.003.02.023.002. Bluetongue virus, isolate DPP 90
00.060.0.02.003.02.024.001. Bluetongue virus, isolate South Africa.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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