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00.057.0.81.006. Arracacha virus Y

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.057.0.81.006. Arracacha virus Y. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Littlehampton, in material from South America; the United Kingdom.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Arracacia xanthorrhiza.

Natural host and symptoms
Arracacia xanthorrhiza — leaf chlorosis.

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.057.0.81.006. Virus accession number: 57081006. Obsolete virus code: 57.0.1.T.006; superceded accession number: 5701t006.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: AVY. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.057.0.01. Potyvirus in the family 00.057. Potyviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 750 nm and a width of 12 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: A.A. Brunt and R.S. Phillips: blend the leaves in 0.067 M P04 + 0.1% mercapto acetic acid, clarify with 8.0% butanol and then differentially centrifuge twice.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 65-70°C (in Nicotiana clevelandii sap). The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 32 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to datura shoestring (SDI 6), sweet potato feathery mottle (SDI 2-3), ullucus mosaic (SDI 7) and watermelon mosaic 2 (SDI 7) viruses. The virus does not show serological relationships to bean common mosaic, bean yellow mosaic, beet mosaic, bidens mottle, carnation vein mottle, clover yellow vein, commelina mosaic, freesia mosaic, henbane mosaic, hippeastrum mosaic, iris mild mosaic, lettuce mosaic, passion fruit woodiness, peanut mottle, pepper veinal mottle, potato Y, tobacco etch, tulip breaking and turnip mosaic viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Arracacia xanthorrhiza, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Tetragonia tetragonioides.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of local lesions, chlorosis.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Basellaceae, Cruciferae, or Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Cucumis sativus, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Gomphrena globosa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Solanum demissum, Trifolium incarnatum, Ullucus tuberosus, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa — chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; not systemic.

Nicotiana clevelandii — systemic veinal chlorosis.

N. benthamiana — systemic chlorosis and malformation.

N. tabacum, N. sylvestris — chlorotic local lesions; not systemic.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Vigna unguiculata, Gomphrena globosa, Ullucus tuberosus.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana benthamiana.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium quinoa (L), Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Nicotiana clevelandii (W), Nicotiana benthamiana (W).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in South and Central Americas. The virus occurs in Peru.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 36 by A.A. Brunt and S. Phillips, 1986.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Comments to ICTVdB Management
Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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