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00.057.0.01.070. Tulip breaking virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.057.0.01.070. Tulip breaking virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Surrey, England; the United Kingdom.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Tulipa ssp.

Natural host and symptoms
Tulipa ssp. and Darwin hybrids — colour-breaking of flowers and leaf chlorosis.

Lilium ssp. and Mid-Century hybrids — leaf chlorosis and degeneration. Comments on host and host range: Brierley and Smith (1944) inoculated 79 dicotyledonous species from 66 genera and 22 families with tulip breaking virus, and back tested by inoculation to Lilium formosanum. All tests were negative, but the species were not named, and in a further survey, 39 monocotyledous species also proved to be insusceptible.

Reference to Isolation Report
Cayley (1928, 1932).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.057.0.01.070. Virus accession number: 57001070. Obsolete virus code: 57.0.1.0.070; superceded accession number: 57010070.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12229.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): lily mosaic virus, lily mottle virus, lily streak and tulip mosaic virus. ICTV approved acronym: TBV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.057.0.01. Potyvirus in the family 00.057. Potyviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 750-775 nm and a width of 14 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Derks et al. (1982).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 153 S20w. A260/A280 ratio is 1.03-1.21. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 65-70°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 4-6 days (in lily sap). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 5.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. The complete genome is c. 10000 nucleotides long, is partially sequenced. Sequence has the accession number

[S44147] Em(40)_vi:S44147 Gb(84)_vi:S44147 polyprotein precursor tulip breaking virus, lily, Genomic RNA, 1556 nt. 1/94 1,556bp.
[S60804] Em(40)_vi:S60804 Gb(84)_vi:S60804 coat protein tulip- breaking virus TBV, Genomic RNA, 277 nt. 1/94 277bp.
[S60808] Em(40)_vi:S60808 Gb(84)_vi:S60808 coat protein Rembrandt tulip-breaking virus ReTBV, Genomic RNA, 277 nt. 1/94 277bp.
[X63630] Gb(84)_vi:TMVCPRNA Tulip mosaic virus gene for coat protein. 7/94 1,479bp.
[S60806] Em(40)_vi:S60806 Gb(84)_vi:S60806 coat protein tulip top-breaking virus TTBV, Genomic RNA, 277 nt. 1/94 277bp.
[S60810] Em(40)_vi:S60810 Gb(84)_vi:S60810 coat protein lily mottle virus LiMV, Genomic RNA, 277 nt. 1/94 277bp. 6 sequences. Reference to nucleotide sequence Langeveld et al., 1991; 1586 nucleotides of the 3'terminal end of the genome of a lily isolate.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to tobacco etch (SDI: 5) and henbane mosaic viruses (SDI: 7). The virus does not show serological relationships to alstroemeria mosaic, bean yellow mosaic, clover yellow vein, Columbian datura, hippeastrum mosaic, iris mild mosaic, lettuce mosaic, narcissus yellow stripe, potato A, potato Y or turnip mosaic viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, A fabae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Dysaphis tulipae, Aulocorthum circumflexum. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner; does not require a helper virus for vector transmission.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Calochortaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Calochortus, Fritillaria pudica, Lilium (cvs Concorde, Sterling Star), Lilium formosanum, Lilium longiflorum, Ornithogalum thyrsoides, Tulipa, Tulipa hybrids, Zigadenus fremontii.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, or Hyacinthaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Scrophulariaceae, or Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Allium cepa, Amaranthus retroflexus, Atriplex hortensis, Avena sativa, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis sativus, Datura stramonium, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Hippeastrum hybridum, Hyacinthus orientalis, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Saccharum officinarum, Secale cereale, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Torenia fournieri, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Lilium formosanum — mottle, malformed leaves and flowers.

Tulipa hybrids — flower colour- breaking. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Not known to infect any herbaceous indicator species. Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Hyacinthus orientalis and Hippeastrum hybridum.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Tulipa varieties Croisette, Grand Pride and Paljas. Lilium varieties Concorde and Sterling Star.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
none known, but Lilium formosanum (W) could be used.

References to host data: Brierley and Smith (1944).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm (scattered, or in bundles, but not in chloroplasts or mitochondria).

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals, or viroplasma (N.B. these differ from the X-bodies produced by lily symptomless virus ; McWhorter, 1940), or pinwheels.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Severe tulip breaking virus; mild tulip breaking virus.

References

Brierley, P. and Smith, F.F. (1944). Phytopathology 34: 718.

Cayley, DM (1928). Ann. appl. Biol. 15: 529.

Cayley, DM (1932). Ann. appl. Biol. 19: 153.

Derks, AFLM, Vink-van den Abeele, J.L. and van Schadewijk, AR. (1982). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 88: 87.

Langeveld, S.A., Dore, J.-M., Memelink, J., Derks, AFLM, van der Vlugt, C.I.M., Asjes, C.J. and Bol, J.F. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 1531.

McWhorter, F.P. (1940). Phytopathology 30: 788.

Van Slogteren, D.H.M. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 71, 4 pp.

Van Slogteren, D.H.M. and de Bruyn Ouboter, M.P. (1941). Meded. Landb. Wageningen 45: 54.

Van Slogteren, D.H.M. and de Vos, N.P. (1966). In: Viruses of Plants, pp. 320; eds. AB.R. Beemster and J. Dijkstra. North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 849 by S. Phillips, 1986. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 71.

Images

Taxon images: • classical tulip breaking symptom.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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