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00.057.0.01.039. Maize dwarf mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.057.0.01.039. Maize dwarf mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Ohio; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Zea mays.

Natural host and symptoms
Sorghum halepense — mosaic.

Zea mays — mosaic, stunting. Comments on host and host range: differential hosts for different isolates recorded by Rosenkranz (1987).

Reference to Isolation Report
Williams and Alexander, 1965; Dale, 1965.

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.057.0.01.039. Virus accession number: 57001039. Obsolete virus code: 57.0.1.0.039; superceded accession number: 57010039.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12203.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): MDMV-A, MDMV-D, MDMV-E, MDMV-F. ICTV approved acronym: MDMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.057.0.01. Potyvirus in the family 00.057. Potyviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 770 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Shukla et al. (1989a).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 56°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 1-2 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2-4. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered, is partially sequenced. Sequence has the accession number

[D00949] Em(40)_vi:MDMCP Gb(84)_vi:MDMCP Maize dwarf mosaic virus gene for coat protein, 3'-terminal region. 2/93 1,377bp.
[S77088] Gb(90)_un:S77088 polyprotein [3' region] (maize dwarf mosaic virus MDMV, Genomic RNA, 1279 nt). 7/95 1,279bp.
[U07216] Em(40)_vi:MD07216 Gb(84)_vi:MDU07216 Maize dwarf mosaic virus MDMV-A polyprotein (nuclear inclusion II protein, coat protein) gene 2 sequences.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

This virus is one of a complex of potyviruses infecting tropical grasses. These have been shown by immunoblot and virion protein sequencing to be isolates of four species; maize dwarf mosaic, sugarcane mosaic, sorghum mosaic and Johnson grass mosaic. For details check the descriptions of the other three species (Shukla et al., 1989).

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (maize, not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; several species. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Gramineae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Arundo donax, Bromus mollis, Bromus secalinus, Bromus tectorum, Chloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa crus-galli, Eleusine coracana, Lagurus ovatus, Oryza sativa, Panicum capillare, Panicum maximum, Panicum miliaceum, Paspalum dilatatum, Phalaris paradoxa, Rottboellia exaltata, Saccharum officinarum, Sacciolepis indica, Setaria italica, Setaria viridis, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum halepense, Zea mays.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Gramineae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avena sativa, Dactylis glomerata, Hordeum vulgare, Lolium perenne, Lolium temulentum, Poa pratensis, Saccharum officinarum, Secale cereale, Setaria adhaerans, Triticum aestivum.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Panicum miliaceum, Zea mays — mosaic, reddening and dwarfing.

Sorghum halepense, S. bicolor — mosaic. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Setaria adhaerans, Hordeum vulgare, Saccharum officinarum (some cultivars).

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Zea mays (sweet corn).

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Zea mays (sweet corn) (W).

References to host data: Rosenkranz (1987).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves, mesophyll and all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are pinwheels. Inclusions are bundles, scrolls and tubes; type I inclusions (Edwardson, 1974). Inclusions do not contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in China, South Africa, and the United States of America.

References

Dale, J.L. (1965). Pl. Dis. Reptr 49: 202.

Edwardson, J.R. (1974). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 4.

Ford, R.E., Tosic, M. and Shukla, D.D. (1989). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 341, 5 pp.

Rosenkranz, E. (1980). Phytopathology 70: 1056.

Rosenkranz, E. (1987). Phytopathology 77: 598.

Shukla, D.D., Tosic, M., Jilka, J., Ford, R.E., Toler, R.W. and Langham, MAC. (1989). Phytopathology 79: 223.

Williams, L.E. and Alexander, L.J. (1965). Phytopathology 55: 802.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 465 by A.J. Gibbs, 1990. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 341.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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