[Home] [ICTV Taxonomy - Index of Viruses] [Virus Descriptions] [Character List] [Picture Gallery]
[Tutorial] [Online Data Retrieval & Identification] [Virus Isolate Registration & Submission] [Search]
Descriptions are generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not yet published on the Web.

00.056.0.05.001. Apple stem pitting virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.056.0.05.001. Apple stem pitting virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Malus sylvestris.

Natural host and symptoms
Malus sylvestris — commercial cultivars show decline when grafted to sensitive rootstocks such as Virginia Crab and M. sieboldii.

Malus sieboldii — dieback, inner bark necrosis.

Malus sieboldii var. arborescens — leaf epinasty, inner bark necrosis.

Pyrus communis — vein yellowing.

Crataegus ssp., Sorbus mitchelli — latent infection.

Reference to Isolation Report
Smith (1954).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.056.0.05.001. Virus accession number: 56005001. Obsolete virus code: 00.090.0.01.001.; 79.0.P.DE.02; superceded accession number: 90001001; 790pde02.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 35350.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

The taxon is not listed in the current ICTV Report.

Synonym(s): apple spy 227 epinasty and decline virus (Gilmer. 1962; Mink et al., 1971; Desvignes and Savio, 1975), hawthorn ring pattern mosaic virus, pear necrotic spot virus (Yanase et al., 1989; Koganezawa and Yanase, 1990), pear stony pit virus (Koganezawa and Yanase, 1990; Németh, 1986; Van der Meer, 1986), pear vein yellows virus (Yanase et al., 1989; Van der Meer, 1986). ICTV approved acronym: ASPV. Virus is the type species. Virus is of the genus 00.056.0.05. Foveavirus in the family 00.056. Flexiviridae; not assigned to an order.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 800 nm and a width of 12-15 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Koganezawa and Yanase (1990).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (isopycnic centrifugation), or 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (sucrose density gradient). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 55-60°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.3-1 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2-3.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA, is fully sequenced. Sequence has the accession number

[D21829] Em(40)_vi:AITASPV Gb(84)_vi:AITASPV Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) RNAs for putative viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, triple
[D21828] Em(40)_vi:PAVYV Gb(84)_vi:PAVYV Pear vein yellows-associated virus (PVYV) RNA for coat protein, complete cds. 6/94 1,598bp. 2 sequence. Reference to nucleotide sequence Koganezawa and Yanase (1990).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

See Welsh and Uyemoto (1980).

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are The virus can be distinguished from others with filamentous virions with similar length by finding end-to-end aggregates of virions in leaf dip preparations by electron microscopy. Also by grafting to woody indicator plants.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE; Order Rosales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Pedaliaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Celosia cristata, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Crataegus, Cucumis sativus, Gomphrena globosa, Malus platycarpa, Malus sieboldii, Malus sieboldii var. arborescens, Malus sylvestris, Nicotiana occidentalis (cv. 37B), Nicotiana occidentalis ssp. obliqua, Physalis floridana, Pyronia veitchii, Pyrus communis, Sesamum indicum, Sorbus mitchelli, Tetragonia tetragonioides.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Nicotiana occidentalis 37B — vein yellowing and leaf necrosis.

N. occidentalis ssp. obliqua — necrotic local lesions.

Malus sylvestris cv. Spy 227 — leaf epinasty and decline.

M. sylvestris cv. Virginia Crab — stem pitting.

M. sylvestris cvs Radiant or Sparkler — leaf epinasty.

M. sieboldii MO65 — dieback, inner bark necrosis and necrotic leaf spot.

Pyrus communis cv. Nouveau Poiteau — necrotic leaf spot.

Pyronia veitchii — chlorotic spot on leaves and epinasty.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are any susceptible Malus sp., Nicotiana occidentalis 37B.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Nicotiana occidentalis ssp. obliqua (L), Malus sylvestris cvs Virginia Crab, Spy 227, Radiant, Sparkler (W), M. sieboldii MO65 (W).

References to host data: Mink et al. (1971, Yanase (1974, Sweet (1980, Fridlund (1980b, Németh (1986, Van Dijk et al. (1987, Stouffer (1989, Yanase et al. (1989, Koganezawa and Yanase (1990).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells. Other cellular changes include disorganisation of chloroplasts (Koganezawa and Yanase, 1990).

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Australia, or Austria, or Bulgaria, or Canada, or China, or Czechoslovakia (former), or Denmark, or France, or Germany, or Greece, or Hungary, or Israel, or Italy, or Japan, or Korea (South), or the Netherlands, or New Zealand (Aotearoa), or Norway, or Poland, or Portugal, or Romania, or South Africa, or Spain, or Sweden, or Switzerland, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or the USSR (former), or Uruguay, or Yugoslavia.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Welsh and Nyland (1965, Mink et al. (1973, Cutting and Montgomery (1973, Fridlund (1980a, Németh (1986).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Mild and severe strains recognised.

Comments

Although filamentous virions are associated with apple stem pitting disease, this virus has not yet been transmitted back to apple. Pear vein yellows virus, pear stony pit virus, pear necrotic spot virus and quince sooty ringspot virus are probably identical with apple stem pitting virus (Desvignes and Savio, 1975; Kegler et al., 1979; Yanase et al., 1989).

References

Cutting, C.V. and Montgomery, H.B.S. (1973). More and Better Fruit with East Malling and Long Ashton Research Stations, U.K.

Desvignes, JC and Savio, A (1975). Acta Hort. 44: 139.

Fridlund, P.R. (1980a). Plant Dis. 64: 826.

Fridlund, P.R. (1980b). Acta Phytopath. Acad. Sci. Hung. 15: 153.

Gilmer, RM (1962). Phytopathology 52: 1027.

Kegler, H., Verderevskaja, T. and Fuchs, E. (1979). Arch. Gartenb. 27: 325.

Koganezawa, H. and Yanase, H. (1990). Plant Dis. 74: 610.

Machita, I. (1991). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 57: 90.

Mink, G.I., Shay, J.R., Gilmer, RM and Stouffer, R.F. (1971). Search Agric. 1: 9.

Mink, G.I., Yanase, H., Yamaguchi, Y. and Sawamura, K. (1973). Hort. Sci. 8: 296.

Németh, M. (1986). In: Virus, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia Diseases of Fruit Trees, 841 pp. Akademia Kiado, Budapest.

Smith, W.W. (1954). Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 63: 101.

Stouffer, R.F. (1989). In: Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Pome Fruits and Similar Noninfectious Disorders, p. 138; ed. P.R. Fridlund. Washington State University Coop. Ext. Spec. Publ.

Sweet, J.B. (1980). J. hort. Sci. 55: 103.

Van Dijk, P., van der Meer, F.A. and Piron, P.G.M. (1987). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 93: 73.

Welsh, M.F. and Nyland, G. (1965). Can. J. Pl. Sci. 45: 443.

Welsh, M.F. and Uyemoto, JK (1980). Phytopathology 70: 349.

Yanase, H. (1974). Bull. Fruit Tree Res. Stn, Ser. C 1: 47.

Yanase, H., Koganezawa, H. and Fridlund, P.R. (1989). Acta Hort. 235: 157.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 27 by H. Koganezawa, 1992.



Limit search to: Title & Body Title Document Path
Show Reverse Sort

DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

Comments to ICTVdB Management
Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
Copyright © 2002    International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.    All rights reserved.


Additional access points to virus species lists, descriptions and images on the web:

Species catalogue                     iSpecies.org - a species search engine           a species search engine

Google Analytics      Google Analytics: activity view