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00.056.0.01.018. Potato virus X

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.056.0.01.018. Potato virus X. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United Kingdom.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Solanum tuberosum.

Natural host and symptoms
Solanum tuberosum — symptoms vary, some strains symptomless, others induce necrotic streaks.

Brassica campestris ssp. rapa — mild mosaic mottling and distortion of leaves, plant stunting.

Reference to Isolation Report
Smith (1931).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.056.0.01.018. Virus accession number: 56001018. Obsolete virus code: 56.0.1.0.018; superceded accession number: 56010018.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12183.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): potato latent virus, potato mild mosaic virus. ICTV approved acronym: PVX. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.056.0.01. Potexvirus in the family 00.056. Flexiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 515 nm and a width of 13 nm (Brandes, 1964). Axial canal is indistinct; 3.4 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 3.4 nm (Varma et al., 1968).

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Francki and McLean (1968).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 117.7 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 4.4. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 68-76°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 40-60 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 5-6. The infectivity is retained when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 6% of the virion by weight (Knight, 1963). The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The complete genome is 6435 nucleotides long. Sequence is fully and partially sequenced. Complete sequence is 6435 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[D00344] Em(40)_vi:PVXX3 Gb(84)_vi:PVXX3 Potato virus X genomic RNA. 4/92 6,435bp.
[M31541] Em(40)_vi:PVXKPA Gb(84)_vi:PVXKPA Potato virus X 166K RNA, complete cds; 24K RNA, complete cds; 12K RNA, complete cds; 8K RNA,
[M38480] Em(40)_vi:PVXGEN Gb(84)_vi:PVXGEN Potato virus X complete genome. 3/92 6,436bp.
[M38655] Em(40)_vi:PVXCT23 Gb(84)_vi:PVXCT23 Potato Virus X coat protein gene, complete cds. 10/90 861bp.
[M63141] Em(40)_vi:PVXCGA1 Gb(84)_vi:PVXCGA Potato virus X complete genome. 2/92 6,432bp.
[M72416] Em(40)_vi:PVXCG Gb(84)_vi:PVXCG Potato virus X complete genome. 10/93 7,568bp.
[M95516] Em(40)_vi:PVXCOPR Gb(84)_vi:PVXCOPR Potato virus X mRNA, complete cds. 6/92 6,435bp.
[X05198] Em(40)_vi:POPVX3 Gb(84)_vi:POPVX3 Potato virus X genome. 10/93 6,435bp.
[X12804] Em(40)_vi:PVXCOAT Gb(84)_vi:PVXCOAT Potato Virus X (PVX) mRNA for viral coat protein. 9/93 1,106bp.
[X55802] Em(40)_vi:POPOVX Gb(84)_vi:POPOVX Potato Virus X complete genomic RNA. 4/92 6,432bp.
[X62442] Em(40)_vi:PVXANPII Gb(84)_vi:PVXANPII Potato virus X artificial neomycin phosphotransferase II mRNA 5'-flank (SEQ1). 9/92 115bp.
[X62443] Em(40)_vi:PVXANPTII Gb(84)_vi:PVXANPTII Potato virus X artificial neomycin phosphotransferase II mRNA 5'-flank (SEQ2). 9/92 88bp.
[X62444] Em(40)_vi:PVXANPT Gb(84)_vi:PVXANPT Potato virus X artificial neomycin phosphotransferase II mRNA 5'-flank (SEQ3). 9/92 62bp.
[X62445] Em(40)_vi:PVXANPTR Gb(84)_vi:PVXANPTR Potato virus X artificial neomycin phosphotransferase II mRNA 5'-flank (SEQ4). 9/92 92bp.
[X65015] Em(40)_vi:PVXCP Gb(84)_vi:PVXCP Potato Virus X genomic RNA for coat protein. 6/92 789bp
[X72214] Em(40)_vi:PVXHBRNA Gb(84)_vi:PVXHBRNA Potato Virus X strain HB RNA. 11/93 6,432bp.
[X88781] Em(44)n:Pvxcpdy Gb(90)_vi:Pvxcpdy Potato virus X coat protein gene, DY strain. 6/95 744bp.
[X88782] Em(44)n:Pvxcpex Gb(90)_vi:Pvxcpex Potato virus X coat protein gene, EX strain. 6/95 744bp.
[X88783] Em(44)n:Pvxcpkp Gb(90)_vi:Pvxcpkp Potato virus X coat protein gene, KP strain. 6/95 711bp.
[X88784] Em(44)n:Pvxcpnl1 Gb(90)_vi:Pvxcpnl1 Potato virus X coat protein gene, Nl1 strain. 6/95 711bp.
[X88785] Em(44)n:Pvxcpnl4 Gb(90)_vi:Pvxcpnl4 Potato virus X coat protein gene, Nl4 strain. 6/95 744bp.
[X88786] Em(44)n:Pvxcpws2 Gb(90)_vi:Pvxcpws2 Potato virus X coat protein gene, WS2 strain. 6/95 708bp.
[X88787] Em(44)n:Pvxcpxa Gb(90)_vi:Pvxcpxa Potato virus X coat protein gene, XA strain. 6/95 711bp.
[X88788] Em(44)n:Pvxcpxs Gb(90)_vi:Pvxcpxs Potato virus X coat protein gene, XS strain. 6/95 711bp.
[Z23256] Em(40)_vi:PVCOAPRA Gb(84)_vi:PVCOAPRA Potato virus X coat protein RNA and 3 ORF's, complete CDS's. 12/93 6,433bp.
[Z29333] Em(40)_vi:PVX8KCP1 Gb(84)_vi:PVX8KCP1 Potato virus X (P551) mRNA for 8K protein and coat protein. 1/94 877bp.
[Z29334] Em(40)_vi:PVX8KCP2 Gb(84)_vi:PVX8KCP2 Potato virus X (CP2) mRNA for 8K protein and coat protein. 1/94 874bp.
[Z29335] Em(40)_vi:PVX8KCP3 Gb(84)_vi:PVX8KCP3 Potato virus X (S6111) mRNA for 8K protein and coat protein. 1/94 873bp.
[Z34261] Gb(84)_vi:PVXCPG Potato virus X (MS) coat protein gene. 6/94 711bp.

[M27662] Em(43)_vi:Pvxorf Gb(89)_vi:Pvxorf Potatovirus X (clone pX 1) gene fragment, encoding a partial ORF. 1/95 502bp.
[U19790] Gb(89)n:Pvu19790 Potato virus X coat protein mRNA, complete cds. 6/95 789bp. The genome has a base ratio of 22 % guanine; 32 % adenine; 24 % cytosine; 22 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 94% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Hammond and Hull (1981, Shaw and Larson (1962, Shaw et al. (1962, Miki and Knight (1968).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Transcription: The virus codes for 5 ORF(s).

Coding Strategy of Segment 1: Sequence has a gene block. Sequence has triple gene block sequence (TGB). Encodes proteins involved in cell to cell movement.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to white clover mosaic, hydrangea ringspot, cactus X and clover yellow mosaic viruses, but distantly.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Cruciferae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Datura stramonium, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum tuberosum.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Datura stramonium — systemic chlorotic rings, then mosaic and mottling.

Nicotiana tabacum — systemic ringspot or mottle.

Some strains symptomless at high glasshouse temperatures.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana tabacum.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Gomphrena globosa (L).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in mesophyll and less frequently in the epidermis. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are mainly near the nucleus present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are amorphous X-bodies (Kozar and Sheludko, 1969). Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide (in potato growing areas). The virus occurs in India.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Indian turnip strain; Samad et al., 1991.

References

Bercks, R, (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 4, 4 pp.

Brandes, J. (1964). Mitt. biol. BundesAnst. Land. Forstw. 110: 130.

Dolya, V.V., Grama, D.P., Morozov, S.Y. and Atabekov, JG (1987). FEBS Lett. 214: 308.

Francki, RIB. and McLean, G. (1968). Aust. J. biol. Sci. 21: 1311.

Hussman, M.J., Linthorst, H.J.M., Bol. J.F. and Cornellisen, B.J.C. (1988). J. gen. Virol. 69: 1789.

Knight, CA (1963). Protoplasmatologia 4: 177.

Koenig, R. and Lesemann, D.-E. (1989). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 354, 5 pp.

Kozar, I.E. and Sheludko, Y.M. (1969). Virology 38: 220.

Miki, T. and Knight, CA (1968). Virology 36: 168.

Morozov, S.Y., Miroshnichenko, N.A., Solovyev, AG., Fedorkin, O.N., Zelenina, D.A., Lukasheva, L.I., Karasev, AV., Dolya, V.V. and Atabekov, JG (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 2039.

Paul, H.L. (1959). Arch. Microbiol. 32: 416.

Samad, A, Naqvi, Q.A., Garg, I.D. and Thouvenel, J.-C. (1991). J. Phytopath. 133: 65.

Shaw, JG and Larson, RH (1962). Phytopathology 52: 170.

Shaw, JG, Reichmann, M.E. and Hatt, DL (1962). Virology 18: 79.

Skryabin, K.G., Morozov, S.Y., Kraev, AS., Rozanov, M.V., Chernov, B.K., Lukasheva, L.I. and Atabekov, JG (1988). FEBS Lett. 240: 33.

Smith, K.M. (1931). Proc. R. Soc. 109: 251.

Varma, A, Gibbs, AJ., Woods, R.D. and Finch, JT (1968). J. gen. Virol. 2: 107.

Tomashevskaya, O.L., Solvyev, AG., Karpova, O.V., Fedorkin, O.N., Rodionova, N.P., Morozov, S.Y. and Atabekov, JG (1993). J. gen. Virol. 74: 2717.

Wilson, H.R. and Tollin, P. (1969). J. gen. Virol. 5: 151.

Wodnar-Filipowicz, A, Skizeczkowski, L.J. and Filipowicz, W. (1990). FEBS Lett. 109: 151.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 651 by C. Büchen-Osmond, 1987.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 354.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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