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00.056.0.01.013. Papaya mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.056.0.01.013. Papaya mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Carica papaya.

Natural host and symptoms
Carica papaya — mosaic and stunting.

Ullucus tuberosus — symptomless infection.

Reference to Isolation Report
Conover (1962; 1964b, de Bokx (1965).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.056.0.01.013. Virus accession number: 56001013. Obsolete virus code: 56.0.1.0.013; superceded accession number: 56010013.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12181.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): babaco yellow mosaic virus (Barba and Giordano, 1989), boussingaultia mosaic virus (Beczner and Vassanyi, 1980; Phillips et al., 1985), papaw mild mosaic virus. ICTV approved acronym: PapMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.056.0.01. Potexvirus in the family 00.056. Flexiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 530 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Hiebert (1970, Koenig et al. (1970).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 118.7 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 5.3. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 73-76°C (in papaya sap; Conover, 1964b). The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 180 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4. The infectivity is retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 7% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite, only one particle size is recovered of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 6656 nucleotides long. Sequence is fully and partially sequenced, complete sequence is 6656 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[D00240] Em(40)_vi:PMPCP Gb(84)_vi:PMPCP Papaya mosaic virus (PMV), capsid protein gene, complete cds. 1/93 900bp.
[D00580] Em(40)_vi:URNA Papaya mosaic virus genome, complete sequence. 1/93 6,656bp.
[D13957] Em(40)_vi:PMPRNA Gb(84)_vi:PMPRNA Papaya mosaic virus genome, complete sequence. 1/93 6,656bp
[M35054] Em(40)_vi:PMP5END Gb(84)_vi:PMP5END Papaya mosaic virus, 5' end. 1/93 139bp.
[M75794] Em(40)_est:CE02C6 C.elegans cDNA clone cm02c6 encoding hypothetical 176K protein — Papaya mosaic virus homologo 5 sequences.

The genome has a base ratio of 20.7 % guanine; 33.8 % adenine; 23.4 % cytosine; 22.1 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a Abouhaidar and Bancroft, 1978. The genome has an intergenic poly (A) region at a poly A tail (Abouhaidar, 1988). Reference to nucleotide sequence Koenig (1971).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 93% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Koenig et al. (1970).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Abouhaidar (1988).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: The virus codes for 5 ORF(s).

Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells; a transcription of coat protein (Mackie and Bancroft, 1986).

Coding Strategy of Segment 1: Sequence has a gene block. Sequence has triple gene block sequence (TGB). Encodes proteins involved in cell to cell movement.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to clover yellow mosaic virus, but distantly. The virus does not show serological relationships to potato Virus X (Koenig and Lesemann, 1978; Lesemann and Koenig, 1977).

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are several serious mosaic diseases limit papaya production in various parts of the world, including India, Puerto Rico, South America, Hawaii and Florida. Some are, like papaya mosaic, sap-transmissible, but differ in being aphid-borne and restricted in host range to papaya and cucurbits (Capoor and Varma, 1958; Conover, 1964a; Ishii and Holtzmann, 1963; Herold and Weibel, 1962, the best known is papaya ringspot, a typical potyvirus (Purcifull et al., 1984; Zettler et al., 1968).

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass DILLENIIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector (Conover, 1964b; Zettler et al., 1968). Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Basellaceae, Caricaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Scrophulariaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Antirrhinum majus, Carica papaya, Cassia occidentalis, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Gomphrena globosa, Ullucus tuberosus.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Carica papaya — systemic vein-clearing and downward curling of leaves, then mottle or mosaic.

Gomphrena globosa — chlorotic local lesions, becoming necrotic with red margins; not systemic.

Chenopodium amaranticolor — chlorotic local lesions, not systemic.

Cassia occidentalis — necrotic local lesions, not systemic.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Carica papaya, Antirrhinum majus.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Gomphrena globosa (L).

References to host data: Conover (1962; 1964b, Cook and Zettler (1970).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells (Zettler et al., 1968; Purcifull et al., 1966; Christie and Edwardson, 1977). Inclusions virions aggregated in banded inclusion bodies contain mature virions (Christie and Edwardson, 1977).

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Bolivia, Peru, the United States of America, and Venezuela.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Argentine plantago virus (Gracia et al., 1983; Milne, 1988), plantago severe mottle virus (Gracia et al., 1983; Milne, 1988; Rowhani and Peterson, 1980).

References

Abouhaidar, M. (1988). J. gen. Virol. 69: 219.

Abouhaidar, M. and Bancroft, J.B. (1978). J. gen. Virol. 39: 559.

Barba, M. and Giordano, P. (1989). Inform. Fitopatol. 39: 58.

Beczner, I. and Vassanyi, R. (1980). Tag. Ber. Akad. Land. Wiss, DDR, Berlin 184: 65.

Brunt, A.A., Phillips, S., Jones, R.A.C. and Kenten, R.H. (1982). Ann. appl. Biol. 101: 65.

Capoor, S.P. and Varma, P.M. (1958). Indian J. agric. Sci. 28: 225.

Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, 150 pp.

Conover, R.A. (1962). Phytopathology 52: 6.

Conover, R.A. (1964a). Proc. Fla Stn hort. Soc. 77: 440.

Conover, R.A. (1964b). Proc. Fla Stn hort. Soc. 77: 444.

Cook, AA and Zettler, F.W. (1970). Pl. Dis. Reptr 54: 893.

de Bokx, J.A. (1965). Pl. Dis. Reptr 49: 742.

Gracia, O., Koenig, R. and Lesemann, D.-E. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 1488.

Herold, F. and Weibel, J. (1962). Virology 18: 302.

Hiebert, E. (1970). Phytopathology 60: 1295.

Ishii, M. and Holtzmann, O.V. (1963). Pl. Dis. Reptr 47: 947.

Koenig, R. (1971). J. gen. Virol. 10: 11.

Koenig, R. and Lesemann, D.E. (1978). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 200, 5 pp.

Koenig, R., Stegemann, H., Francksen, H. and Paul, H.L. (1970). Biochim. biophys. Acta 207: 184.

Lesemann, D.-E. and Koenig, R. (1977). In: The Atlas of Insect Plant Viruses, p. 331; eds RIB. Francki, R.G. Milne and T. Hatta. C.R.C. Press Inc., Boca Raton, U.S.A.

Mackie, GA and Bancroft, J.B. (1986). Virology 153: 215.

Milne, R.G. (1988). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol. 4; The Filamentous Plant Viruses, p. 3; ed. R.G. Milne. Plenum Press, New York.

Phillips, S., Brunt, A.A. and Beczner, L. (1985). Acta Hort. 164: 379.

Purcifull, D.E. and Hiebert, E. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 56, 4 pp.

Purcifull, D.E., Edwardson, J.R. and Christie, R.G. (1966). Virology 29: 276.

Purcifull, D.E., Edwardson, J.R. and Hiebert, E. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 293, 7 pp.

Rowhani, A and Peterson, J.F. (1980). Can. J. Pl. Path. 2: 12.

Sit, T.L., Abouhaidar, M.G. and Holy, S. (1989). J. gen. Virol. 70: 2325.

Story, G.E. and Halliwell, R.S. (1969). Phytopathology 59: 1336.

Zettler, F.W., Edwardson, J.R. and Purcifull, D.E. (1968). Phytopathology 58: 332. The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 548 by C. Büchen-Osmond, 1987 and E. Hiebert, 1988. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 56.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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