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00.056.0.01.005. Clover yellow mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.056.0.01.005. Clover yellow mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Trifolium repens.

Natural host and symptoms
Trifolium ssp., Pisum sativum, Chenopodium album, Malus pumila, Medicago alba, M. sativa, Vicia sativa, Stellaria media — mosaic with necrotic streaks.

Reference to Isolation Report
Johnson (1942, Pratt (1961).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.056.0.01.005. Virus accession number: 56001005. Obsolete virus code: 56.0.1.0.005; superceded accession number: 56010005.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12177.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): pea mottle virus. ICTV approved acronym: ClYMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.056.0.01. Potexvirus in the family 00.056. Flexiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 540 nm and a width of 13 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Barnett and Gibson (1975, Rao et al. (1980, Welsh et al. (1973).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 132 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 5.3. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 60-65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 188 days (or more). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 5-6.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. The complete genome is 7015 nucleotides long, is fully and partially sequenced, complete sequence is 7015 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[D00485] Em(40)_vi:CYMVCP Gb(84)_vi:CYMVCP Clover yellow mosaic virus genomic RNA, 3'-terminal region. 4/90 1,051bp.
[D29630] Em(40)_vi:CYMRNA Gb(84)_vi:CYMRNA Clover yellow mosaic virus genomic RNA, complete sequence. 3/94 7,015bp.
[M63511] Em(40)_vi:CYMCPFP Gb(84)_vi:CYMCPFP Clover yellow mosaic virus non-structural/coat protein fusion product RNA, complete cds.
[M63512] Em(40)_vi:CYMCPFPD Gb(84)_vi:CYMCPFPD Clover yellow mosaic virus non-structural/coat protein fusion product RNA, complete cds.
[M63513] Em(40)_vi:CYMCPFPG Gb(84)_vi:CYMCPFPG Clover yellow mosaic virus non-structural/coat protein fusion product RNA, complete cds.
[M63514] Em(40)_vi:CYMCPFPS Gb(84)_vi:CYMCPFPS Clover yellow mosaic virus non-structural/coat protein fusion product RNA, complete cds. 6 sequences.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Transcription: The virus codes for 5 ORF(s).

Coding Strategy of Segment 1: Sequence has a gene block. Sequence has triple gene block sequence (TGB). Encodes proteins involved in cell to cell movement.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to white clover mosaic, cactus X and hydrangea ringspot viruses, but distantly.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are often found with white clover mosaic virus (WCMV) but causes systemic mosaic in Chenopodium quinoa, which WCMV infects only locally. By contrast WCMV infects Vigna unguiculata systemically, but CYMV only locally.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Vector Transmission: Virus is not transmitted by Acyrthosiphon pisum, Anuraphis bakeri (Pratt 1961; Purcifull 1968).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Amaranthus caudatus, Arachis hypogaea, Beta vulgaris, Catharanthus roseus, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Lablab purpureus, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Malus pumila, Medicago alba, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Solanum melongena, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tithonia speciosa, Torenia fournieri, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis .

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of chlorotic or necrotic local lesions, systemic mosaic.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, or Gramineae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, or Liliaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae (9 /12). Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Antirrhinum majus, Capsicum annuum, Cassia occidentalis, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Datura stramonium, Lespedeza stipulacea, Lilium formosanum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Petunia x hybrida, Raphanus sativus, Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium quinoa, Gomphrena globosa — systemic mosaic.

Medicago sativa — local lesions (some strains only).

Pisum sativum — necrotic local lesions, systemic mosaic.

Vigna unguiculata — local infection.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Gomphrena globosa, Chenopodium quinoa.

References to host data: Pratt (1961, Hampton et al. (1978a, Rao et al. (1980).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in mesophyll and parenchyma cells. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions are banded and of complex structures. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Canada (in the south-west), or the United States of America (in the north-west).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Broad bean mild mosaic virus (Yu, 1979).

References

Agrawal, H., Bos, L. and Chessin, M. (1962). Phytopathology 62: 517.

Barnett, O.W. and Gibson, P.B. (1975). Crop Sci. 15: 32.

Bos, L. (1973). CMI/AAB. Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 111, 4 pp.

Ford, R.E. (1973). Phytopathology 63: 926.

Hampton, R., Beczner, L., Hagedorn, D., Bos, L., Inouye, T., Barnett, O., Musil, M. and Meiners, J. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 989.

Johnson, F. (1942). Phytopathology 32: 103.

Pratt, M.J. (1961). Can. J. Bot. 39: 655.

Pratt, M.J. (1967). Can. J. Pl. Sci. 47: 289.

Pratt, M.J. and Reichmann, M.E. (1961). Proc. Can. Phytop. Soc. 28: 13.

Purcifull, D.E. (1968). Pl. Dis. Reptr. 52: 759.

Purcifull, D.E. and Shepherd, R.J. (1964). Phytopathology 54: 1102.

Rao, D.V., Hiruki, C. and Matsumoto, T. (1980). Phytopath. Z. 98: 260.

Sit, T.L., White, K.A., Holy, S., Padmanabhan, U., Eweida, M., Heibert, M., Mackie, GA and Abouhaidar, M. J. gen. Virol. 71: 1990.

Welsh, M.F., Stace-Smith, R. and Brennan, E. (1973). Phytopathology 63: 50.

Yu, Y. (1979). In: Vicia Faba Diseases, Scientific Press, Peking (in Chinese).

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 229 by O.W. Barnett, R.H. Baum, S. Scott, B. Reddick and J.C. Tu, 1981. Revised 1983. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 111.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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