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00.052. Picornaviridae

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.052. Picornaviridae. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of a vertebrate virus at the family level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.052. Virus accession number: 00052FAM. Obsolete virus code: 52.; superceded accession number: 52000000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12058.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry (T=1, pseudo T=3). The capsid is isometricand has a diameter of (22-)27-30 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsid consists of 12 capsomers.

Incomplete particles are common. They are devoid of nucleic acid characterized by capsids with dark centers in negative stain preparations.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The molecular mass (Mr) of virions is 8-9 x 106. Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.33-1.45 g cm-3. The sedimentation coefficient is 140-165 S20w. Under in vitro conditions virions are relatively stable, or not stable in acid environment of pH 6. Virions are relatively stable. Virions are not sensitive to treatment with chloroform, ether, and non-ionic detergents.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 7000-8500 nucleotides long. The 5'-end of the genome has a genome-linked protein (VPg). The 5'-terminus has a poly (C) tract (in some viruses, near the terminus. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins. Virions consist of 5 structural proteins located in the capsid.

Lipids

LLipids are usually absent, but sometimes present in minute amounts as sphingosine-like molecules (i.e. some strains may carry 60 molecules each) and are located in the inner surface of the capsid. Polypeptide 1A (VP4) has a molecule of myristic acid covalently attached to the amino terminal glycine.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Translation: The genome replicates in the cytoplasm (in complexes associated with membranes).

Antigenicity

Although different antigenic determinants have different specificities, the antigenic determinants are in general type-specific, or serogroup-specific (to which they are converted after gentle heating). Antigenic determinants that possess type-specific reactivity are found on the designated "N" and "D" for polivirus. Antigenic determinants that possess serogroup-specific reactivity are found on the designated "H" and "C" for polivirus. Antigenic specificity of the virion can be determined by neutralization tests, or hemagglutination inhibition tests (some species only), or complement fixation tests, or ELISA tests (using a capture format), or immunodiffusion tests.

Classification of members of this taxon is based on their antigenic properties.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Virus infects during its life cycle a single type of vertebrate host.
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata and Arthropoda.

Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata.

Class Aves and Mammalia.

Class Mammalia Order Primates, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Rodentia;
Family Hominidae; virus infects Homo sapiens (human).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families, many families (in case of Cardiovirus and Aphthovirus).

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide.

Taxonomic Structure of the Family

00.052.0.01. Enterovirus
00.052.0.02. Rhinovirus
00.052.0.03. Hepatovirus
00.052.0.04. Cardiovirus
00.052.0.06. Parechovirus.

Unassigned Viruses

List of Unassigned Viruses in the Family.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Minor PD, Brown F, Domingo E, Hoey E, King A, Knowles N, Lemon S, Palmenberg A, Rueckert RR, Stanway G, Wimmer E, Yin-Murphy M.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References. A World Wide Web tutorial on this virus is provided by the Virology Departments, University of Leicester, UK: (

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

There are a number of small RNA viruses that have been described for which the taxonomic status is not known. These include the following:

1 - three acid stable viruses of horses, two of which belong to a single serotype. Their properties are similar to equine rhinoviruses, which themselves vary in acid liability.

2 - several diseases of domesticated birds caused by small RNA viruses which have often been referred to as 'enteroviruses'. They include avian encephalomyelitis (AEV), duck hepatitis virus types I and III (type II is an astrovirus), avian nephritis virus (ANV) and a number of poorly characterised isolates.

3 - at least 25 small RNA viruses from various insect species. These are described in the literature as picornaviruses, or picornavirus-like viruses. The position of all these viruses within the family Picornaviridae is currently under review. They include agents such as bee acute paralysis, bee slow paralysis, bee virus X, Drosophila P and A viruses, sacbrood virus, Queensland fruitfly virus, Triatoma virus and aphid lethal paralysis virus.

4 - viruses morphologically resembling picornaviruses isolated from harbor seals and sea bass.

5 - Members of the family Sequiviridae have many properties in common with picornaviruses.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from Stewart McNulty, Queens University, Belfast.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

Comments to ICTVdB Management
Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
Copyright © 2002    International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.    All rights reserved.


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