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00.039.0.00.009. Carrot red leaf virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.039.0.00.009. Carrot red leaf virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United Kingdom.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Daucus carota.

Natural host and symptoms
Daucus carota, Anethum graveolens — chlorosis or reddening of older leaves, but mostly symptomless.

Anthriscus sylvestris — reddening of leaf margins.

Reference to Isolation Report
Watson et al. (1964).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.039.0.00.009. Virus accession number: 39000009. Obsolete virus code: 39.0.1.0.009; superceded accession number: 39010009.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 66200.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): carrot motley dwarf virus (Stubbs, 1948; 1952). ICTV approved acronym: CtRLV. Acronym(s): CaRLV; CRLV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is not assigned to a genus; of the family 00.039. Luteoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with polyhedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 25 nm. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Waterhouse and Murant (1981).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.403 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 104 S20w.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 28% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 5750 nucleotides long. Genome is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 5750 nucleotides long. Reference to nucleotide sequence Murant et al. (1985).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 72% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 4 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Murant et al. (1985).

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to barley yellow dwarf-RPV and beet western yellows viruses moderately closely; tobacco necrotic dwarf, potato leafroll and bean leaf roll viruses distantly; and soybean dwarf, barley yellow dwarf-MAV viruses very distantly.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are This virus is the only luteovirus known to infect Apiaceae and has a very narrow host range. It is usually found in a complex with CMotV, which unlike CRLV is sap transmitted.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist and vary seasonally.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Cavariella aegopodii. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; can facilitate the vector transmission of another virus (carrot mottle virus).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Anethum graveolens, Anthriscus cerefolium, Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium leptophyllum, Coriandrum sativum, Daucus carota.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of yellowing, reddening.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Apium graveolens, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium murale, Datura stramonium, Lactuca sativa, Nicotiana clevelandii, Petroselinum crispum, Raphanus sativus, Senecio vulgaris, Trifolium pratense.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Anthriscus cerefolium, Apium leptophyllum, Coriandrum sativum — yellowing and reddening of older leaves.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Apium graveolens, Petroselinum crispum.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Anthriscus cerefolium.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Anthriscus cerefolium (W, Apium leptophyllum (W, Coriandrum sativum (W).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in phloem and companion cells. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are amorphous X-bodies and membranous bodies. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, New Zealand (Aotearoa), the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.

Comments

Carrot motley dwarf virus (Stubbs, 1948; 1952) is a complex of carrot red leaf and carrot mottle viruses.

References

Murant, AF (1974). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 137, 4 pp.

Murant, AF and Roberts, I.M. (1979). Ann. appl. Biol. 92: 343.

Murant, AF, Waterhouse, P.M., Raschke, J.H. and Robinson, D.J. (1985). J. gen. Virol. 66: 1575.

Stubbs, L.L. (1948). Aust. J. sci. Res. 1: 303.

Stubbs, L.L. (1952). Aust. J. Sci. Res. 5: 399.

Stubbs, L.L., Smith, P.R. and O'Loughlin, G.T. (1983). Abstr. 4th Int. Congr. Pl. Path. Melbourne, Australia, 1983, p. 123.

Waterhouse, P.M. (1981). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Dundee, U.K., pp. 244.

Waterhouse, P.M. and Murant, AF (1982). Ann. appl. Biol. 97: 191.

Waterhouse, P.M. (1985). Australas. Pl. Path. 14: 32.

Waterhouse, P.M. and Murant, AF (1982). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 249, 4 pp.

Watson, MA, Serjeant, E.P. and Lennon, E.A. (1964). Ann. appl. Biol. 54: 153.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV REport .

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 159 by P.M. Waterhouse, 1986.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 249.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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