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00.029.0.03.043. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.029.0.03.043. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Israel.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Lycopersicon esculentum.

Natural host and symptoms
Lycopersicon esculentum — plants stunted with small chlorotic puckered leaves; fruit yield much decreased.

Cynanchum acutum, Malva parviflora — symptomless infection.

Reference to Isolation Report
Cohen and Harpaz (1964).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.029.0.03.043. Virus accession number: 29003043. Obsolete virus code: 29.0.3.0.043; superceded accession number: 29030043.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 10832.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): tomato leaf curl virus. ICTV approved acronym: TYLCV-Is, TYLCV-Sr, TYLCV-Th, TYLCV-Ye. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.029.0.03. Begomovirus in the family 00.029. Geminiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is elongated and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is geminate and has a diameter of 20 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. With a length of dimers 30 nm.






















Electron micrograph of Geminiviridae by R.G. Milne, Istituto di Virologia, CRN, Torino, Italy.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Reference for electron microscopic methods: Czosnek et al. (1988).

Nucleic Acid

The genome is segmented and consists of two segments of similar, circular, ambisense, single-stranded DNA. The complete genome is 5500 nucleotides long. The DNA-1 is fully and partially sequenced, complete sequence is 2787 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[L12219] Em(40)_vi:GETYLREPO Gb(84)_vi:TYLREPORIG Tomato yellow leaf curl virus replication origin DNA. 3/93 312bp.
[L27708] Em(40)_vi:GETYLV12C Gb(84)_vi:TYLV12C14X Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (V1-V2, C1-C4) genes, complete cds. 1/94 2,777bp.
[M59838] Em(40)_vi:GETYLSEQ Gb(84)_vi:TYLSEQA Tomato yellow leaf curl virus DNA sequence. 3/94 168bp
[M59839] Em(40)_vi:GETYLSEQβ Gb(84)_vi:TYLSEQβ Tomato yellow leaf curl virus DNA sequence. 3/94 167bp.
[X15656] Em(40)_vi:TYLCV Gb(84)_vi:TYLCV Tomato yellow leaf curl virus TYLCV virion DNA. 11/91 2,787bp.
[X61153] Em(40)_vi:TYLCVORF Gb(84)_vi:TYLCVORF Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus DNA for ORF's V1, V2, C1, C2, C3 & C4. 12/91 2,770bp.
[X76319] Gb(84)n:TYLCV12 Tomato yellow leaf curl virus V1, V2, C1, C2, C3 and C4 genes. 7/94 2,790bp.
[X79429] Em(40)_vi:TYLCVAC1 Gb(84)_vi:TYLCVAC1 Tomato yellow leaf curl virus AC1 gene (partial). 5/94 393bp.
[Z25751] Em(40)_vi:TYLCVVC Gb(84)_vi:TYLCVVC Tomato yellow leaf curl virus V1, V2, C1, C2, C3 and C4 genes. 4/94 2,777bp.
[Z28390] Em(40)_vi:TYLCVVC2 Gb(84)_vi:TYLCVVC2 Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Sicily) genes for V1, V2, C1, C2, C3, C4. 12/93 2,773bp. DNA-B is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2737 nucleotides long and has the accession number
[X63016] Gb(84)_vi:TYLCVTHB (TYLCV-TH B-DNA). 7/94.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation (poorly, transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aleyrodidae; Bemisia tabaci. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; does not require a helper virus for vector transmission.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Asclepiadaceae, Compositae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Cynanchum acutum, Datura stramonium, Hyoscyamus desertorum, Lens culinaris, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Malva nicaensis, Malva parviflora, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sonchus oleraceus.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, or Asclepiadaceae, Capparidaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, or Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae-Mimosoideae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae, or Portulacaceae, Resedaceae, Solanaceae, Tamaricaceae, Zygophyllaceae (1 /1). Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus, Althaea rosea, Amaranthus retroflexus, Arachis hypogaea, Atriplex, Beta vulgaris, Calotropis aegyptia, Capparis aegyptia, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Cucumis sativus, Gomphrena globosa, Gossypium hirsutum, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Lavatera cretica, Lonicera, Lycium, Medicago sativa, Momordica balsamina, Nerium oleander, Nicotiana rustica, Ochradenus baccatus, Physalis floridana, Pisum sativum, Plumbago capensis, Polygonum equisetiforme, Portulaca oleracea, Prosopis farcta, Ricinus communis, Solanum incanum, Solanum villosum, Tamarix, Tribulus, Vicia faba, Withania somnifera, Xanthium strumarium, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Lycopersicon esculentum — severe systemic leaf chlorosis and malformation.

Datura stramonium — interveinal leaf chlorosis.

Nicotiana glutinosa, N. benthamiana — systemic vein clearing, then downward curling of the leaf and its margins.

Phaseolus vulgaris — interveinal chlorosis, downward curling of the leaves.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Nicotiana rustica, Physalis floridana, Vicia faba, Gomphrena globosa, Cucumis sativus.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Lycopersicon esculentum, Datura stramonium.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Lycopersicon esculentum (W), Datura stramonium (W).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves and phloem parenchyma. Virions are found in the nucleus.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the nucleus. Inclusions are spherical (400-3000 nm in diameter, seen in section as fibrillar rings with a large central and several peripheral lacunae. Other cellular changes include the reduction of chromatin and the apparent absence of nucleoli.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Cyprus, India, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Thailand, Tunisia, and Turkey (Verma et al., 1975; Lana and Wilson, 1976).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Cohen et al. (1988), Ioannou (1987) — epidemiology of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in the Jordan valley and in Cyprus; Sharaf (1986) — control by insecticides; Al-Musa (1982), Cohen and Melamed-Madjar (1978) — control by trap plants and yellow mulches; Pilowsky and Cohen (1974) — resistant cultivars.

Comments

Bemisia tabaci limits the transmission of this virus by an unknown mechanism (Cohen 1967, 1969; Cohen and Marco, 1970; Marco et al., 1972; 1975).

References

Al-Musa, A (1982). Plant Dis. 66: 561.

Cherif, C. and Russo, M. (1983). Phytopath. Z. 108: 221.

Cohen, S. (1967). Virology 31: 180.

Cohen, S. (1969). Virology 37: 448.

Cohen, S. and Harpaz, I. (1964). Ent. exp. appl. 7: 155.

Cohen, S. and Marco, S. (1970). Virology 40: 363.

Cohen, S. and Melamed-Madjar, V. (1978). Bull. ent. Res. 68: 465.

Cohen, S. and Nitzany, FE (1966). Phytopathology 56: 1127.

Cohen, S., Kern, J., Harpaz, I. and Bar-Joseph, M. (1988). Phytoparasitica 16: 259.

Czosnek, H., Ber, R., Antignus, Y., Cohen, S., Vavot, N. and Zamir, D. (1988). Phytopathology 78: 508.

De Francq, D'Hondt, M. and Russo, M. (1985). Phytopath. Z. 112: 153.

Ioannou, N. (1987). Pl. Path 36: 367.

Lana, AF and Wilson, G.F. (1976). Pl. Dis. Reptr 60: 296.

Makkouk, K.M. and Laterrot, H. (1983). In: Plant Virus Epidemiology, p. 315; eds R.T. Plumb and J.M. Thresh. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

Makkouk, K.M. and Shebab, S. (1978). Abstr. 3rd Int. Congr. Pl. Path., p. 51.

Marco, S., Cohen, S., Harpaz, I. and Birk, Y. (1975). J. Insect Physiol. 21: 1821.

Russo, M., Cohen, S. and Martelli, G.P. (1980). J. gen. Virol. 49: 209.

Sharaf, N. (1986). Agric., Ecosystems and Environ. 17: 111.

Verma, H.N., Srivastava, K.M. and Mathur, AK. (1975). Pl. Dis. Reptr 59: 494.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 840 by A.A. Brunt and S. Cohen, 1988.

Images

Taxon images: • EM by Robert G. Milne.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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