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00.029.0.01.012. Wheat dwarf virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.029.0.01.012. Wheat dwarf virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Czechoslovakia (former).

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Triticum aestivum.

Natural host and symptoms
Avena sativa — yellowing and dwarfing.

Hordeum vulgare — yellowing and dwarfing, poor cropping.

Lolium multiflorum, Poa annua — growth reduction.

Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum — yellowing and severe dwarfing.

Reference to Isolation Report
Vacke (1961).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.029.0.01.012. Virus accession number: 29001012. Obsolete virus code: 29.0.1.0.012; superceded accession number: 29010012.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 10834.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: WDV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.029.0.01. Mastrevirus in the family 00.029. Geminiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is elongated and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is geminate and has a diameter of 18 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. With a length of 30 nm.






















Electron micrograph of Geminiviridae by R.G. Milne, Istituto di Virologia, CRN, Torino, Italy.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Bisztray et al. (1989, Lindsten et al. (1980).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 70 S20w; of the other(s) are 50 S20w. A260/A280 ratio is 1.3-1.4. The infectivity is lost when deproteinized with proteases.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 20% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of circular, ambisense, single-stranded DNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The complete genome is 2749 nucleotides long. The DNA is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2749 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[D00305] Em(40)_vi:GEWDVASD Gb(84)_vi:WDVASD Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), virion-associated small DNA. 4/90 80bp.
[X02869] Em(40)_vi:GEWDVXX Gb(84)_vi:GEWDVXX Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) genome. 9/93 2,749bp.
[X82104] Em(43)_vi:Wdvgns Gb(89)_vi:Wdvgns Wheat dwarf virus genes for V1, V2, C1-1, C1-2 and Cx. 10/94 2,750bp.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is absent from infected cells.

Translation: The genome replicates in the nucleus.

Replication cycle Features: the genome has see MacDowell et al. (1985, Matzeit et al. (1990, Woolston et al. (1988).

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to chloris striate mosaic and maize streak viruses.

Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Hordeum vulgare (barley) react differently to infection with the common and barley strains. The barley strain causes dwarfing, poor heads and yellowing in barley, but which is resistant to wheat strains. Not serologically related to other geminiviruses tested.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are transmission by Psammotettix alienus to wheat and barley plants, and serological tests.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae)
Subclass COMMELINIDAE; Order Poales.

General Symptoms in Plants Symptoms yellowing and dwarfing.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Cicadellidae; Psammotettix alienus. Virus is not transmitted by Javesella pellucida, Laodelphax striatellus, Macrosteles laevis. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Gramineae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Avena sativa, Avena strigosa, Bromus secalinus, Hordeum vulgare, Lagurus ovatus, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne, Lolium remotum, Lolium temulentum, Poa annua, Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of yellowing and severe dwarfing.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Gramineae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Bromus inermis, Bromus mollis, Dactylis glomerata, Echinochloa crus-galli, Elytrigia repens, Festuca pratensis, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Setaria italica, Setaria viridis, Zea mays.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Avena sativa — yellowing and dwarfing.

Bromus secalinus — yellowing, plants die prematurely.

Hordeum vulgare — dwarfing, poor heads and yellowing.

Lolium perenne — symptomless.

L. remotum — yellowing.

Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum — yellowing and severe dwarfing, no crop.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ssp., Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Zea mays.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Lolium multiflorum, Poa annua, Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare for the barley strain.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Bromus secalinus (W), Lagurus ovatus (W), Triticum aestivum (W), Hordeum vulgare (W).

References to host data: Lindsten (1991, Vacke (1972).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves and roots. Virions are found in the nucleus.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia (former), France, Hungary, and the USSR (former). The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in Sweden.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Lindsten (1980; 1991).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Barley and wheat strains.

References

Bisztray, G., Gaborjanyi, D. and Gaborjanyi, R. (1989). Z. PflKrankh. PflSchutz. 96: 449.

Lindsten, K., Vacke, J. and Gerhardson, B (1970). NAT Swedish Inst. Pl. Prot. Contr. 14: 281.

Lindsten, K. (1980). Vaxtskyddsnotiser 44: 54.

Lindsten, K. (1985). Abstr. AAB. Virol. Gp., Cambridge p. 36.

Lindsten, K. (1991). In: Proc. 6th Conf. on Virus Diseases of Gramineae in Europe, Torino, June 1991.

Lindsten, K., Lindsten, B, Abdelmoeti, M. and Junti, N. (1980). In: Proc. 3rd. Conf. on Virus Diseases of Gramineae in Europe, Rothamsted, May 1980.

MacDowell, S.W., MacDonald, H., Hamilton, W.D.O., Coutts, RHA and Buck, KW (1985). EMBO J. 4: 2173.

Matzeit, V., Laufs, J., Kammann, M., Schaefer, S., Schalk, H.-J., Schmidt, B, Wirtz, U., Baker, B and Gronenborn, B (1990). Monograph Series, Plant Biology 11: 71.

Tomenius, K. and Oxelfelt, P. (1981). Phytopath. Z. 101: 163.

Vacke, J. (1961). Biol. Plant. Praha 3: 228.

Vacke, J. (1972). Vedecke Prace Vyzk. Ustavu Rostl. Vyroby, Praha-Ryzyne 17: 151.

Woolston, C.J., Barker, R., Gunn, H., Boulton, M.I. and Mullineaux, P.M. (1988). Pl. mol. Biol. 11: 35.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV REport .

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 883 by K. Lindsten, 1991.

Images

Taxon images: • EM by Robert G. Milne.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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