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00.018.0.03.002. Arabis mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.018.0.03.002. Arabis mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: England; the United Kingdom.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Arabis hirsuta.

Natural host and symptoms
Anagallis arvensis, Apium graveolens var. dulce, Arabis hirsuta, Arabis sp., Armoracia rusticana, Asparagus officinalis, Astilbe sp., Bellis perennis, Beta vulgaris, Buxus sempervirens, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Carum segetum, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Cyphomandra betacea, Daphne mezereum, Daucus carota, Delphinium sp., Dianthus caryophyllus, Euonymus europaeus, Forsythia x intermedia, Fragaria vesca, Fraxinus excelsior, Humulus lupulus, Jasminum officinale, Lactuca sativa, Lamium amplexicaule, Ligustrum vulgare, Melilotus officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Narcissus sp., Phaseolus coccineus, Plantago lanceolata, Polygonum aviculare, P. persicaria, Prunus avium, P. domestica, P. persica, Ranunculus repens, Rheum rhaponticum, Ribes sp., Rosa ssp., Rubus idaeus, R. procerus, Sambucus nigra, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum nigrum, Stellaria media, Syringa vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium repens, Tulipa ssp., Urtica dioica, U. urens, Vitis vinifera — mosaics, mottling and chlorotic ringspots and sometimes necrosis.

Reference to Isolation Report
Smith and Markham (1944).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.018.0.03.002. Virus accession number: 18003002. Obsolete virus code: 18.0.3.0.002; superceded accession number: 18030002.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12271.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): ash ring and line pattern virus (Lana and Agrios, 1973), raspberry yellow dwarf virus (Cadman, 1960; Harrison, 1958), Rhabarber-Mosaik-Virus, rhubarb mosaic virus, forsythia yellow net virus, probably jasmine yellow blotch virus (Cooper and Sweet, 1976). ICTV approved acronym: ArMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.018.0.03. Nepovirus in the family 00.018. Comoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 25-27 nm (in negative stain). Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Harrison and Nixon (1960).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.51 g cm-3 (B2), or 1.5 g cm-3 (B1), or 1.43 g cm-3 (M). There are 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 126 S20w (B, of the other(s) are 93 S20w (M), or 53 S20w (T). A260/A280 ratio is 1.68 (B), or 1.5 (M), or 0.73 (T). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 55-61°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 7-14 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3-5. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; decreased when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 46% of the virion by weight (B), or 22% of the virion by weight (M), or 0% of the virion by weight (T). The genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain satellite RNA (in some isolates only). The complete genome is 13100 nucleotides long. The RNA-1 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 9000 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[D10086] Em(40)_vi:AMVCP Gb(84)_vi:AMVCP Arabis mosaic virus RNA-2, 3' terminal region. 5/92 2,406bp.
[X55460] Em(40)_vi:NEAMCOAT Gb(84)_vi:NEAMCOAT Arabis Mosaic virus gene (RNA) coding for coat protein. 1/91 1,515bp.
[X81814] Em(43)_vi:Amvrna2u Gb(89)_vi:Amvrna2u Arabis mosaic virus RNA for polyprotein P2-U. 3/95 3,852bp.
[X81815] Em(43)_vi:Amvrna2l Gb(89)_vi:Amvrna2l Arabis mosaic virus RNA for polyprotein P2-L. 3/95 3,711bp. Sequence is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 4100 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 21.6 % guanine; 24.9 % adenine; 25.6 % cytosine; 27.9 % uracil. The multipartite genome is divided among different particles, each segment encapsidated separately and the segments are distributed between 2 different types of particles. The largest particles contain one molecule each of RNA-1 and RNA-2. The medium sized particles contain one molecule of RNA-2, or two molecules of RNA-2. The smallest particles contain no nucleic acid and are found in the top (sedimenting component T) band after sedimentation.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 54% of the particle weight (B), or 78% of the particle weight (M), or 100% of the particle weight (T).

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Translation: The genome replicates in in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to grapevine fanleaf and dogwood mosaic viruses. Other nepoviruses are unrelated.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms disappear soon after infection (but plants may remain stunted).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (in 20 species of 14 families; up to 100% infection; Murant, 1983).

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by nematodes; family Dorylamidae; Xiphinema bakeri, X. coxi, X. diversicaudatum. The principal natural vector(s) are Xiphinema diversicaudatum.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Boraginaceae, Buxaceae, Campanulaceae, Cannabidaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Celastraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Cupressaceae, Grossulariaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Liliaceae, Oleaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, Primulaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Sambucaceae, Saxifragaceae, Scrophulariaceae (2 /2), Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Umbelliferae, Urticaceae, Vitidaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Anagallis arvensis, Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens, Apium graveolens var. dulce, Arabis hirsuta, Armoracia rusticana, Asparagus officinalis, Astilbe, Bellis perennis, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Buxus sempervirens, Calendula officinalis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Carum segetum, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cyphomandra betacea, Daphne mezereum, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Delphinium hybridum, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Emilia sagittata, Euonymus europaeus, Fagopyrum esculentum, Forsythia x intermedia, Fragaria vesca, Fraxinus excelsior, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Humulus lupulus, Jasminum officinale, Lactuca sativa, Lamium amplexicaule, Lathyrus odoratus, Ligustrum vulgare, Lobelia erinus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Melilotus officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Myosotis sylvatica, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus coccineus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana, Pisum sativum, Plantago lanceolata, Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum persicaria, Prunus avium, Prunus domestica, Prunus persica, Ranunculus repens, Rheum rhaponticum, Ribes, Rosa, Rubus idaeus, Rubus procerus, Sambucus nigra, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Syringa vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Torenia fournieri, Trifolium repens, Tropaeolum majus, Tulipa, Urtica dioica, Urtica urens, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Vitis vinifera, Zinnia elegans.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of necrotic or chlorotic local lesions and mosaics, ringspots or mottles. Plants may recover.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Cruciferae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Celosia argentea, Matthiola incana, Solanum nodiflorum.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa — local lesions; systemic chlorotic mottling. Cucumis sativus — local lesions, systemic chlorosis. Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley — local lesions; systemic chlorotic spots, rings and lines. Petunia x hybrida — local lesions or necrotic rings; systemic chlorotic rings or lines.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana clevelandii, Petunia x hybrida.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Cucumis sativus (W) for use in nematode transmission tests as a bait plant.

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in epidermis, phloem and all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are cytoplasmic present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are amorphous X-bodies. Inclusions are granular bodies and hollow spheroids or concentric spheres. Inclusions contain mature virions (aggregated). Other cellular changes include tubules containing virions aligned in rows and found in plasmodesmata (as in other nepovirus infections), but the spherical inclusions in the phloem are found only in arabis mosaic virus infections.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Africa, East Asia, Eurasia, North America, and Australasia and Pacific Islands. The virus occurs in Australia, or Belgium, or Bulgaria, or Canada, or Czechoslovakia (former), or Denmark, or Finland, or France, or Germany, or Hungary, or Ireland, or Italy, or Japan, or Luxembourg, or the Netherlands, or New Zealand (Aotearoa), or Norway, or Poland, or Romania, or South Africa, or Sweden, or Switzerland, or Turkey, or the United Kingdom, or the USSR (former), or Yugoslavia. The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in North America and Australia.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Hop nettlehead virus, isolates from hop are serologically identical to type strain, but differ in host range and symptoms.

Comments

AMV is one of the viruses that causes lilac yellow ring symptoms (Novak, 1969).

References

Abu-Salih, H.S., Murant, AF and Daft, M.J. (1968). J. gen. Virol. 3: 299.

Brown, D.J.F. and Trudgill, DL (1983). Rev. de N‚mAT 6: 229.

Cadman, CH (1960). Virology 11: 653.

Clark, M.F. and Adams, AN. (1977). J. gen. Virol. 34: 475.

Cooper, J.I. and Sweet, J.B. (1976). Forestry 49: 73.

Dodd, SM and Robinson, D.J. (1984). J. gen. Virol. 65: 1731.

Harrison, BD. (1958). Ann. appl. Biol. 46: 221.

Harrison, BD. and Nixon, H.L. (1960). Virology 12: 104.

Jha, A (1961). J. hort. Sci 36: 219.

Lana, AO and Agrios, G.N. (1973). Phytopathology 63: 203.

Murant, AF (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 16, 4 pp.

Murant, AF (1985). In: Virus Diseases of Small Fruits, ed. RH Converse. U.S. Dep. Agric. Hdbk No. 631, p. 204.

Murant, AF (1983). Seed Sci. Technol. 11: 973.

Novak (1969). Proc. 6th. Conf. Czech. Pl. Virologists, Olomone 1967, p.289.

Roberts, I.M. and Brown, D.J.F. (1980). Ann. appl. Biol. 96: 187.

Smith, K.M. and Markham, R. (1944). Phytopathology 34: 324.

Thresh, J.M., Adams, AN., Barbara, D.J. and Clark, M.F. (1977). Ann. appl. Biol. 87: 57.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 30 by A.F. Murant, 1984. Revised 1985.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 16.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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