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00.015.0.01. Caulimovirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.015.0.01. Caulimovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the genus level (assigned to the new family Caulimoviridae for Caulimovirus and Badnavirus which have a reverse transcriptase step in their replication) with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.015.0.01. Virus accession number: 015001GE. Obsolete virus code: 15.0.1.; superceded accession number: 15010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 10639.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Cauliflower mosaic virus group. Virus is of the family 00.015. Caulimoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry (T=7). The capsid is isometric and has a diameter of 35-47.52-50 nm. The capsid shells of virions are composed of multiple layers. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible, or is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions, or many virions.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.3-1.347-1.4 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 200-223.9-275 S20w; of the other(s) are 212 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 4. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 75-81.5-90°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 1-8-32 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3-4. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases, or decreased when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 14.5-16.08-17% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of circular. The genome is -RT. The genome is double-stranded DNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The complete genome is about 8000 nucleotides long. Genome is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 6800-7771-8175 nucleotides long. The genome has a guanine + cytosine content of 28-35.5-43 %. The genome has single-stranded discontinuities at specific sites; transcribed strand has one discontinuity (or more, non-transcribed strand has two discontinuities. The genome has an intergenic poly (A) region, or no intergenic poly (A) region.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 83-84.41-85.9% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s), or 3 structural protein(s).

Non-Structural Proteins: The virus codes for an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Transcription: The virus codes for 7 ORF(s).

Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells.

Translation: The genome replicates in the nucleus, or the cytoplasm. Replication involves a reverse transcription step.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or vary seasonally.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector, or not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation, or not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts, or not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner, or in a semi-persistent manner; lost by the vector when it moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Ericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Nyctaginaceae, Plantaginaceae, Ranunculaceae, Resedaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus caudatus, Aquilegia, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arachis hypogaea, Armoracia rusticana, Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, or Brassicaceae, Canavalia ensiformis, Cestrum parqui, Chenopodium capitatum, Cirsium arvense, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Dahlia pinnata, Datura stramonium, Dianthus caryophyllus, Fragaria chiloensis, Fragaria vesca, Fragaria virginiana, Fragaria x ananassa, Glycine max, Ipomoea batatas, Ipomoea setosa, Lablab purpureus, Malus sylvestris, Manihot esculenta, Matthiola incana, Mirabilis jalapa, Mirabilis nyctaginea, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Raphanus, or Resedaceae, Sanguisorba minor, Saponaria vaccaria, Scrophularia californica, Silene armeria, Spinacia oleracea, Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium formosum, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Verbesina encelioides, Vicia faba, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Zinnia elegans.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, or Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, or Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, or Pedaliaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus, Arachis hypogaea, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Cajanus cajan, Capsicum annuum, Cassia obtusifolia, Cassia tora, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita moschata, Datura stramonium, Dianthus caryophyllus, Gomphrena globosa, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Sesamum indicum, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zinnia elegans.

Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus, or perinuclear space.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are viroplasma. Inclusions contain mature virions, or do not contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus spreads in Africa, or East Asia. The virus occurs in Australia, or Brazil, or Canada, or Chile, or China, or Czechoslovakia (former), or Denmark, or Germany, or Hungary, or India, or Ireland, or Italy, or Japan, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or the USSR (former).

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 00.015.0.01.001. Cauliflower mosaic virus .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.

Tentative Species in the Genus

Tentative Species in the Genus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Hull R.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.
A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 295.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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