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00.015.0.01.005. Dahlia mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.015.0.01.005. Dahlia mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Germany.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Dahlia pinnata.

Natural host and symptoms
Dahlia pinnata — chlorotic vein-banding, mosaic and leaf malformation.

Reference to Isolation Report
Brandenburg (1928).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.015.0.01.005. Virus accession number: 15001005. Obsolete virus code: 15.0.1.0.005; superceded accession number: 15010005.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 213888.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): dahlia virus 1. ICTV approved acronym: DMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.015.0.01. Caulimovirus in the family 00.015. Caulimoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 48-50 nm. The capsid shells of virions are composed of multiple layers. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Use neutral 2% PTA, in other stains such as UA or UF the virions are swollen or disrupted, even after fixing. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Brunt (1971b).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 254 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 75-80°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 2-4 days (at 18°C), or 16-32 days (at 2°C; Brierley and Smith, 1950; Brunt, 1971). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 14.5-15% of the virion by weight (Gom‚c, 1973). The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of circular. The genome is -RT. The genome is double-stranded DNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The complete genome is 6000 nucleotides long. Genome is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 6800 nucleotides long.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 85-85.5% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Non-Structural Proteins: The virus codes for an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Transcription: The virus codes for 7 ORF(s).

Translation: Replication involves a reverse transcription step.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to cauliflower mosaic (Brunt, 1966; 1969) and carnation etched ring viruses (Hollings and Stone, 1969).

Antisera to dahlia mosaic and cauliflower mosaic virus differ little in homologous and heterologous titres in agar gel (0.8%) double diffusion tests. However neither virus infects the natural host of the other.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are tobacco streak, tobacco rattle, tomato spotted wilt and cucumber mosaic viruses also infect dahlia. Unlike dahlia mosaic, however, each of these viruses is readily isolated and identified serologically and/or by the reactions of Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum and Vigna unguiculata.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; 16 species, notably Aphis fabae, Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Heinze, 1951, 1952; Brierley and Smith, 1950). Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner (in an atypical manner, because the virus can be retained by both feeding and by starved M. persicae (Brierley and Smith, 1950)).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus caudatus, Chenopodium capitatum, Dahlia pinnata, Verbesina encelioides, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Verbesina encelioides — chlorotic local lesions then vein-banding, chlorosis and slight malformation.

Dahlia pinnata — systemic chlorotic vein-banding, then chlorosis and stunting.

Ageratum conyzoides cv. Blue Ball — chlorotic local lesions, then systemic chlorotic vein-banding and chlorosis.

Zinnia elegans — symptomless inoculated leaves, then slight systemic malformation, with transient chlorosis.

Amaranthus caudatus — few chlorotic local lesions, then mild systemic mottle.

Chenopodium capitatum — no symptoms in inoculated leaves, then conspicuous systemic chlorotic vein-banding and chlorosis.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Verbesina encelioides and Zinnia elegans.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
no reliable local lesion host, but Verbesina encelioides is best for whole plant assay.

References to host data: Brunt (1971a).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in mesophyll, epidermis, xylem, phloem sieve tubes and enlarged plasmodesmata (Kitajima and Lauritis, 1969). Virions are found in the close association of dictyosome, Golgi cisternae, cytoplasm, and perinuclear space (Kitajima et al., 1969).

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells (Brunt, 1969; Kitajima and Lauritis, 1969; Kitajima et al., 1969). Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions are electron-dense amorphous often vacuolated matrix. Inclusions contain mature virions (in great numbers and apparently hollow, 40-45 nm in diameter).

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Brierley (1933; 1951, Brierley and Smith (1950, Heinze (1951; 1952). Dahlia mosaic is prevalent because it is transmitted effectively by several aphid species common on dahlias, and cultivars with few or no symptoms are important reservoirs of infection.

References

Brandenburg, E. (1928). Forsch. Geb. Pflkrankh., Berlin 5: 39.

Brierley, P. (1933). Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. Pl. Res. 5: 235.

Brierley, P. (1951). Pl. Dis. Reptr 35: 405.

Brierley, P. and Smith, F.F. (1950). Pl. Dis. Reptr 34: 363.

Brunt, A.A. (1966). Virology 28: 778.

Brunt, A.A. (1969). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1968, 104.

Brunt, A.A. (1971a). Ann. appl. Biol. 67: 357.

Brunt, A.A. (1971b). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 51, 4 pp.

Gom‚c, B (1973). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Calif. Davis, California, U.S.A.

Heinze, K. (1951). Mitt. biol. BundesAnst. Land. Forstw. 71, 126 pp.

Heinze, K. (1952). Z. PflKrankh. PflPath. PflSchutz. 59: 3.

Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1969). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. for 1968, p. 102.

Kitajima, E.W. and Lauritis, J.A. (1969). Virology 37: 681.

Kitajima, E.W., Lauritis, J.A. and Swift, H. (1969). Virology 39: 240.

Richins, R.D. and Shepherd, R.J. (1983). Virology 124: 208.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References. A description of this taxon in VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 281 by J. Hammond, 1986; A.A. Brunt, 1987.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 51.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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