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00.015.0.01.003. Carnation etched ring virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.015.0.01.003. Carnation etched ring virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: England; Great Britain (UK).

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Dianthus caryophyllus.

Natural host and symptoms
Dianthus caryophyllus — often symptomless but sometimes necrotic flecks and lines.

Reference to Isolation Report
Hollings and Stone (1960).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.015.0.01.003. Virus accession number: 15001003. Obsolete virus code: 15.0.1.0.003; superceded accession number: 15010003.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 10640.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: CERV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.015.0.01. Caulimovirus in the family 00.015. Caulimoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 45 nm. The capsid shells of virions are composed of multiple layers. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. ISEM best using UA. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Hull et al. (1976).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 206 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 80-85°C. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3-4. The infectivity is retained when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of circular; supercoiled. The genome is -RT. The genome is double-stranded DNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The complete genome is 7932 nucleotides long, is fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 7932 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number [X04658]. Reference to nucleotide sequence Lawson and Civerolo (1976, 1978, Hull and Donson (1982).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been Lawson and Civerolo (1978). The virus codes for an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Transcription: The virus codes for 7 ORF(s).

Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells.

Translation: Replication involves a reverse transcription step.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to cauliflower mosaic, sweet potato caulimo-like and dahlia mosaic viruses (Hollings and Stone, 1969).

Distant homologies in nucleic acid hybridization tests with other caulimoviruses (Hull and Donson, 1982; Donson and Hull, 1983).

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are difficult to detect in carnations.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass CARYOPHYLLIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms vary seasonally.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Myzus persicae. Virus is transmitted in a semi-persistent manner; lost by the vector when it moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Caryophyllaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Dianthus caryophyllus, Saponaria vaccaria, Silene armeria.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of necrotic flecks, lines and chlorotic blotches.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Chenopodiaceae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Saponaria vaccaria cv. Pink Beauty — red ringspots or necrotic flecks, spots, lines and rings.

Dianthus caryophyllus cv. Joker — typical "etched ring" symptoms.

Silene armeria — systemic necrotic lines and blotches. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana tabacum.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Dianthus caryophyllus, Saponaria vaccaria (Hsu and Lawson, 1985).

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
no reliable host is known) Saponaria vaccaria cv. Pink beauty, can be used if plants are grown under controlled light and temperature, and flowering is prevented (Hearon and Lawson, 1981).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are viroplasma. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Hakkaart and Jordanova (1968, it is more difficult to eliminate by heat therapy and meristem culture than other carnation viruses.

References

Donson, J. and Hull, R. (1983). J. gen. Virol. 64: 2281.

Hakkaart, F.A. and Jordanova, J. (1968). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 74: 146.

Hearon, S.S. and Lawson, RH (1981). Phytopathology 71: 645.

Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1960). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1960, p. 94.

Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1969). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1968, p. 102.

Hsu, H.T. and Lawson, RH (1985). Phytopathology 75: 778.

Hull, R. and Donson, J. (1982). J. gen. Virol. 60: 125.

Hull, R., Shepherd, R.J. and Harvey, J.D. (1976). J. gen. Virol. 31: 9246.

Lawson, RH and Civerolo, E.L. (1976). Acta Hort. 59: 49.

Lawson, RH and Civerolo, E.L. (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 182, 4 pp.

Lawson, RH and Civerolo, E.L. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 181. The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 146 by J. Hammond, RH Lawson and J.R. Moran, 1987.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 182.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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