Descriptions are
generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some
descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not
yet published on the Web.
00.011. Bunyaviridae
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
00.011. Bunyaviridae. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version
3. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite
this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
plant, or vertebrate virus at the family level.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.011. Virus accession number: 00011FAM.
Obsolete virus code: 11.; superceded accession number: 11000000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
11571.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
The taxon has the
accepted ICTV name.
Virus is not assigned to an order.
Symptoms in the host are
well established and the causative agent is determined.
Distinct viral structures are visible in thin sections of infected tissue.
Particles contain nucleic acid which is
encapsidated.
Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. During
their life cycle, virions have an extracellular phase; occur in one phenotype
only and are encapsidated during extracellular phase. Virus may
be sequestered within inclusion bodies that are not occluded and
typically contain one nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped by a
single layer envelope. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic. Have no
protrusions. Virions measure (80-)100(-120) nm in
diameter. The envelope surrounds three nucleocapsids; has surface projections.
Surface projections are distinctive spikes
covering evenly the surface which are embedded in a lipid bilayer
that is 5 nm thick. Surface projections are 5-10 nm long. Host
ribosomes are not seen inside the envelope. A regular capsid structure is
present. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical
symmetry. The ribonucleocapsid is filamentous with a length of
200-3000 nm (depending on arrangement) and a width of 2-2.5 nm. The
nucleocapsid is not segmented. Nucleocapsids are circular.
Virion populations are comprised of particles of uniform size
and only one species is recovered in preparations.
The molecular mass (Mr) of virions is 300-400 x
106. Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.2-1.21 g
cm-3; sucrose of 1.16-1.18 g cm-3. The
sedimentation coefficient is 350-500 S20w. Virions are
sensitive to treatment with detergents, formaldehyde, heat.
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 1-2% of the virion by weight. The genome is
monomeric; segmented and consists of three segments of circular; sometimes
supercoiled, negative-sense and ambisense,
single-stranded RNA
that forms a non-covalently closed circle
(through hydrogen-bonded ends). Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid
are not found in virions. The complete genome is 10500-22700 nucleotides
long. The RNA-L is sequenced, but only an estimate is available,
complete sequence is 6300-12000 nucleotides long. RNA-M is
sequenced, complete sequence is about
3500-6000 nucleotides long. RNA-S is sequenced and complete
sequence is about 1000-2200 nucleotides
long. The genome has terminally redundant sequences. The terminally redundant
sequences have reiterated terminal sequences. The genome sequence is repeated at
both ends. Terminal nucleotides are base-paired, forming non-covalently closed,
circular RNAs. Nucleotide sequences at the 3'-terminus are complementary to
the 5' end and form a panhandle. The 5'-terminal sequence has conserved
regions and repeats complementary to the 3'-terminus; terminal repeats at
the 5'-end are 8-11 nucleotides long. The 5'-terminus has no poly
(C) tract. The 3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide sequences; of 8-11
nucleotides in length; in each gene segment. The multipartite genome is found in
one type of particle only. Each virion contains a single copy of the genome.
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
Proteins
constitute about over 50% of the particle weight.
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Lipids are
present and located in the envelope. Virions are composed of
20-30% lipids by weight. The composition of viral lipids is known. The
composition of viral lipids and host cell membranes are similar. The lipids are
of host origin and are derived from plasma membranes. Viral
membranes include phospholipids, sterols, fatty acids, and glycolipids. Lipids
are not essential for infectivity.
Polyamines
Polyamines associated with the virion are not
present.
Coding Strategy of Segment 1: Sequence has no
gene blocks.
Translation: Replication does not
involve a reverse transcription step.
Virions are not dependent on a helper virus for replication.
Release: The outer envelope acquired
by budding. The outer envelope lipids are derived from cellular Golgi membranes,
or cell surface membranes (occasionally).
The virus is immunogenic.
Natural Host
Virus infects during its life cycle arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata.
Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.
Class Mammalia
Order Primates;
Family
Hominidae.
Virus infects Homo sapiens (human).
Severity and Occurrence of
Disease
Host: Infection is apparent.
Virus is transmitted by a vector.
00.011.0.01.
Orthobunyavirus
00.011.0.03.
Nairovirus
00.011.0.04.
Phlebovirus
00.011.0.02.
Hantavirus
00.011.0.05.
Tospovirus.
List of Unassigned
Viruses in the Family.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References. [Http]www.uq.edu.au/vdu/arbo.htm">at
Virology Down Under.
Taxonomic Proposals and Changes
Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.
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