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00.011.0.05.003. Tomato spotted wilt virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.011.0.05.003. Tomato spotted wilt virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Lycopersicon esculentum.

Natural hosts and symptoms Photo Gallery of the "Vegetable MD Online" of the Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell Univerity, Ithaca, NY

Ananas comosus, Bidens pilosa, Capsicum annuum, Datura stramonium, Helianthus annuus, Ipomoea congesta, Lactuca sativa, Malva parviflora, Nicandra physalodes, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis peruviana, Zinnia elegans, Arachis hypogaea, Canavalia gladiata, C. obtusifolia, C. occidentalis, Crotalaria juncea, Desmodium triflorum, Glycine max, Pisum sativum, Tephrosia purpurea, Vicia faba, Vigna mungo, V. radiata, V. unguiculata, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum melongena, S. capsicastrum, S. tuberosum and many other species — necrotic and chlorotic local lesions, systemic wilting, necrosis, spotting, streaking, mosaic, mottling, leaf shape malformation, vein yellowing, ringspots, line patterns, yellow netting and flower colour-breaking.

Reference to Isolation Report
Brittlebank (1919, Samuel et al. (1930).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.011.0.05.003. Virus accession number: 11005003. Obsolete virus code: 11.0.5.0.003; superceded accession number: 11050003.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 11613.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): dahlia oakleaf virus, dahlia ringspot virus, dahlia yellow ringspot virus (Brunt, 1959), groundnut ringspot virus (Klesser, 1966), mung bean leaf curl virus, pineapple yellow spot virus, watermelon silver mottle virus. ICTV approved acronym: TSWV. Virus has not been assigned to a genus of the genus 00.011.0.05. Tospovirus in the family 00.011. Bunyaviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are spherical and measure 85 nm in diameter. Surface projections are distinctive spikes that are surrounded by a prominent fringe. Surface projections are embedded in a lipid bilayer that is 5 nm thick. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The ribonucleocapsid is filamentous and has a width of 2-2.5 nm. Nucleocapsids are circular.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Fix with formaldehyde. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Van den Hurk et al. (1977).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.21 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 550 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 45°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.2 days (5 hours). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3. The infectivity is decreased by treatment with ether; lost when deproteinized with proteases; lost when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented and consists of three segments of circular, negative-sense and ambisense (RNA-L), or ambisense (RNA-S and RNA-M), single-stranded RNA that forms a non-covalently closed circle. The complete genome is 17200 nucleotides long. The RNA-L is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 8897 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[D10066] Em(40)_vi:TSWLRPOLM Gb(84)_vi:TSWLRPOLM Tomato spotted wilt virus L RNA encoding RNA polymerase, complete cds. 4/92 8,897bp.
[M64305] Em(40)_vi:TSWNSS Gb(84)_vi:TSWNSS Tomato spotted wilt virus nonstructural protein (NS-S) gene, 5' flank. 4/91 123bp.

RNA-M is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 4821 nucleotides long and has the accession number
[S48091];
[S58512] Em(40)_vi:S58512 Gb(84)_vi:S58512 33.6 kda protein, 11/93 1,1.
RNA-S is fully or partially sequenced. Complete sequence is 2916 nucleotides long and sequenced region is 777 nucleotides long and encodes N gene, nucleoprotein has the accession number
[D00645]
[D00821] Em(40)_vi:TSWSNS, 5/92 2,837bp
[D13926] Em(40)_vi:TSWSNS1 Gb(84)_vi:TSWSNS, 2/93 2,837bp.
[X61799] Em(40)_vi:TSWVN Gb(84)_vi:TSWVN N mRNA for Nucleocapsid (N) protein. 10/91 777bp.
[Z36882] Em(43)_vi:Tswvng Gb(89)_vi:Tswvng (Italy) N gene. 8/94 777bp. The genome has a base ratio of 16.2 % guanine; 31.6 % adenine; 19.3 % cytosine; 32.9 % uracil. Terminal nucleotides are base-paired, forming non-covalently closed, circular RNAs. The 5'-terminal sequence has conserved regions and repeats complementary to the 3'-terminus; terminal repeats at the 5'-end are 8 nucleotides long; at the 5'-end AGAGCAAU... The 3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide sequences; of 8 nucleotides in length; at the 3' end UCUCGUUA.... The genome has no intergenic poly (A) region (in sRNA). Reference to nucleotide sequence de Haan et al. (1990).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 70% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 4 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Mohamed et al. (1973, Tas et al. (1977).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Haan et al. (1990).

Lipids

Lipids are present and located in the envelope. Virions are composed of 20% lipids by weight. The composition of viral lipids and host cell membranes are similar. The lipids are of host origin and are derived from plasma membranes. Viral membranes include phospholipids, sterols, fatty acids, and glycolipids.

Polyamines

Other compounds that have been detected in the virus particles are 5% carbohydrate.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is not infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells (2 mRNAs for sRNA).

Replication cycle Features: the genome has sRNA is an ambisense RNA with two terminal ORFs that are expressed via subgenomic mRNAs. that in the genomic strand is of 52.4K and in the complementary strand of 28.8K (the nucleocapsid protein). sRNA has long terminal untranslated regions that are of inverted complementary to each other, and also an intergenic stable hairpin structure. Preliminary data of the mRNA indicates it is all negative strand.

Release: The outer envelope lipids are derived from cellular Golgi membranes, or cell surface membranes (occasionally).

Antigenicity

The structure of the genome resembles that of arthropod-borne phleboviruses (Bunyaviridae), but their sequences are not significantly similar A tomato spotted wilt like virus first found in Impatiens species, and then considered to be a strain of the virus, is now called Impatiens necrotic spot virus, and is recognised as a distinct member of the tospovirus group; (de Avila et al., 1992).

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE; Order Scrophulariales;
Family Solanaceae. Virus found in Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) [TaxID 4081].

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Thysanoptera; Thrips tabaci, T. setosus, T. parmi, Frankliniella schultzei, F. occidentalis, F. fusca and Scirtothrips dorsalis. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; replicates in the vector (probably, not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Apocynaceae, Bromeliaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Iridaceae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Papaveraceae, Polemoniaceae, Solanaceae, Tropaeolaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ananas comosus, Arachis hypogaea, Belamcanda chinensis, Bidens pilosa, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Calendula officinalis, Canavalia gladiata, Canavalia obtusifolia, Canavalia occidentalis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum, Cassia occidentalis, Cassia tora, Catharanthus roseus, Cheiranthus cheiri, Cichorium endiva, Crotalaria juncea, Cucumis sativus, Dahlia pinnata, Datura stramonium, Desmodium triflorum, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Hippeastrum hybridum, Hyoscyamus niger, Ipomoea congesta, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Lupinus mutabilis, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Malva parviflora, Matthiola incana, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Papaver nudicaule, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis peruviana, Pisum sativum, Solanum capsicastrum, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum nodiflorum, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus oleraceus, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tephrosia purpurea, Trifolium subterraneum, Tropaeolum majus, Vicia faba, Vigna mungo, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Zinnia elegans.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Solanaceae, Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Apium graveolens, Coriandrum sativum, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Catharanthus roseus — local black spots, leaves sometimes becoming yellow and abscissing; systemic mosaic and leaf deformation.

Cucumis sativus — chlorotic spots with necrotic centres in cotyledons; not systemic.

Petunia x hybrida cvs Pink Beauty, Minstrel — necrotic local lesions; not systemic.

Nicotiana clevelandii, N. glutinosa, N. tabacum — necrotic local lesions; systemic necrotic patterns and leaf deformation.

Tropaeolum majus — symptomless local infection; systemic necrotic spotting and streaking.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. rustica, Tropaeolum majus.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Nicotiana clevelandii (L), Petunia x hybrida cvs Pink Beauty, Minstrel (L).

References to host data: Klinkowski and Uschdraweit (1952, Smith (1957, Best (1968).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are associated with the vacuole, or cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. Inclusions are clusters of virions in the cell vacuole, which possibly bud from the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus occurs in Afghanistan, or Algeria, or Argentina, or Australia, or Austria, or Belgium, or Bolivia, or Brazil, or Bulgaria, or Canada, or Chile, or China, or Cote d'Ivoire, or Cyprus, or Czechoslovakia (former), or Egypt, or France, or Germany, or Greece, or Guyana, or Haiti, or India, or Ireland, or Israel, or Italy, or Jamaica, or Japan, or Libya, or Madagascar, or Malaysia, or Malta, or Mauritius, or Mexico, or Nepal, or the Netherlands, or New Zealand (Aotearoa), or Niger, or Nigeria, or Pakistan, or Papua New Guinea, or Paraguay, or Poland, or Portugal, or Puerto Rico, or Reunion, or Romania, or Senegal, or South Africa, or Spain, or Sri Lanka, or Suriname, or Sweden, or Switzerland, or Taiwan, or Tanzania, or Thailand, or Turkey, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or the USSR (former), or Uganda, or Uruguay, or Yugoslavia, or Congo, Democratic Republic (Zaire), or Zimbabwe.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Cho et al. (1989).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species 00.011.0.05.003.00.001. TSWV BR-01; 00.011.0.05.003.00.002. TSWV B; 00.011.0.05.003.00.003. TSWV BL; 00.011.0.05.003.00.004. TSWV L3.

References

Best, R.J. (1968). Adv. Virus Res. 13: 65.

Brittlebank, C.C. (1919). J. Agric. Victoria, Aust. 17: 213.

Brunt, A.A. (1959). Nature, Lond. 183: 627.

Cho, J.J., Mau, R.F.L., German, T.L., Hartmann, R.W., Yurdin, L.S., Gonsalves, D. and Provvidenti, R. (1989). Plant Dis. 73: 375.

de Avila, AC.P., de Haan, P., Kitajima, E.W., Kormelink, R. de O., Resende, R., Goldbach, R.W. and Peters, D. (1992). J. Phytopath. 134: 133.

Francki, RIB. and Hatta, T. (1981). In: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections, p. 491; ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.

Haan, P. de, Wagemakers, L., Peters, D. and Goldenbach, R. (1990). J. gen. Virol. 71: 1001.

Ie, T.S. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 39, 4 pp.

Klesser, P.J. (1966). S. Afr. agric. Sci. 9: 711.

Klinkowski, M. and Uschdraweit, H.A. (1952). Phytopath. Z. 19: 269.

Law, M.D. and Moyer, J.W. (1990). J. gen. Virol. 71: 933.

Law, M.D., Speck, J. and Moyer, J.W. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 2597.

Matthews, R.E.F. (1982). Intervirology 17: 11.

Mohamed, N.A., Randles, J.W. and Francki, RIB. (1973). Virology 56: 12.

Samuel, G., Bald, JG and Pittman, H.A. (1930). Bull. Coun. scient. ind. Res. Melbourne 44, 65 pp..

Smith, K.M. (1957). Textbook of Plant Virus Diseases, second edition. Churchill, London.

Tas, P.W.L., Boerian, M.L. and Peters, D. (1977). J. gen. Virol. 36: 267.

Van den Hurk, J., Tas, P.W.L. and Peters, D. (1977). J. gen. Virol. 36: 81.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 837 by A.J. Gibbs, 1983. Revised 1985; 1990.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 39. Information about this virus have been posted on the web by at the University of Wisconsin, Madison; Cornell University.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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