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00.010.0.03. Bromovirus
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
00.010.0.03. Bromovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database,
version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
plant virus at the genus level with data
on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and
biological properties.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.010.0.03. Virus accession number:
010003GE. Obsolete virus code: 10.0.3.; superceded accession number: 10030000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
12300.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
Synonym(s): brome
mosaic virus group. Virus is of the family
00.010.
Bromoviridae.
Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not
enveloped, round with icosahedral
symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of
25-26.16-28 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is
clearly visible, or is not obvious. The capsid consists of 32 capsomers. Virus
preparations contain more than one particle component.
Electron micrograph of
Bromoviridae.
Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation
contains many virions.
Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of
1.35-1.356-1.36 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting
component(s) found in purified preparations, or 3 sedimenting component(s) found
in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 85-87.06-90
S20w; of the other(s) are 78.7 S20w.
Isoelectric point pH is 3.6-4.925-6.8. A260/A280
ratio is 1.7-3.55-5.4. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at
67-82.87-95°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is
1-23.87-44 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the
decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3-4, or
5. The infectivity is increased by treatment with ether, or not changed by
treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases, or decreased
when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or
detergent.
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 20-21.92-23.7% of the virion by weight. The
genome is segmented; tripartite, segements are distribute among 3 particle types
of different size; consists of three segments of to four segments of
linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA.
Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The
encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also
contain subgenomic RNA, that is mRNA (RNA-4, a
subgenomic fragment of RNA-3) derived from genomic RNA-3. The
complete genome is 8620-8800 nucleotides long, is fully sequenced.
Complete sequence is 3158-3372-3900 nucleotides long
(RNA-1). RNA-2 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is
2799-3032-3400 nucleotides long. RNA-3 is sequenced, but only
an estimate is given, complete sequence is 2117-2296-2600
nucleotides long. RNA-4 has been sequenced
and complete sequence is 800 nucleotides long. The genome has a
base ratio of 24.4-25.95-28 % guanine; 24.9-26.05-27 %
adenine; 19-20.62-22.2 % cytosine; 24-27.42-29 % uracil. The
genome has a guanine + cytosine content of 44-49 %. The 5'-end of the
genome has a methylated nucleotide cap; cap sequence type is m7G5'ppp5. The
3'-terminus has on all genomic RNAs a tRNA-like structure (that
accepts tyrosine). The genome has no intergenic poly (A) region. The
multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and
the segments are distributed between 3 different types of particles. The largest
particles contain each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The
medium sized particles contain each one molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component
M). The smallest particles contain one molecule each of RNA-3 and RNA-4
(sedimenting component T).
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
Proteins
constitute about 76.3-77.43-79% of the particle weight.
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.
Structural Proteins: Capsid protein is involved in viral
encapsidation and involved in protein movement.
Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural
proteins have been isolated and 1 non-structural protein(s)
are found.
Lipids are
absent.
Genome Organization and Replication
Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is
present in infected cells; encoding the coat protein. The genome expression is
based on RNA production which can be analyzed by the dsRNA patterns found in the
infected tissues. Usually there are 5 virus specified dsRNA species found in
infected cells. Size of largest virus specified dsRNA 2.2 kbp. 2nd largest 2
kbp. 3rd largest 1.4 kbp. 4th largest 1.2 kbp. 5th largest 0.5 kbp.
Translation: The genome replicates in
the cytoplasm.
Natural Host
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain
Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta
(Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae) and Liliopsida
(Monocotyledonae).
Severity and Occurrence of
Disease
Host: Infection is apparent, or not apparent. Signs
and symptoms persist.
Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by
mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between
hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.
Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects
of the order Coleoptera.
Experimental Hosts and Symptoms
Under
experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many
families, several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family
Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Caryophyllaceae,
Chenopodiaceae, Commelinaceae, Compositae,
Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae,
Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae,
Nolanaceae, Portulacaceae, Solanaceae,
Tetragoniaceae, Tropaeolaceae. The following species were
susceptible to experimental virus infection: Beta vulgaris, Bromus
inermis, Cajanus cajan, Calendula officinalis,
Cassia hirsuta, Cassia occidentalis, Cassia
pleurocarpa, Cassia tora, Catharanthus roseus,
Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium
hybridum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa,
Cicer arietinum, Claytonia virginica, Commelina
diffusa, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima,
Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba, Datura ferox (1), Datura metel,
Datura stramonium, Desmodium tortuosum, Dianthus
caryophyllus, Emilia flammea, Glycine max,
Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Hordeum
vulgare, Lablab purpureus, Lathyrus odoratus,
Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Lycium
barbarum, Macroptilium lathyroides, Medicago sativa,
Melandrium album, Melilotus albus, Nicandra
physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana
clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa,
Nicotiana glutinosa x N. clevelandii, Nicotiana
megalosiphon, Nicotiana tabacum, Nolana prostrata,
Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus acutifolius, Phaseolus
lunatus, Phaseolus tuberosus, Phaseolus vulgaris,
Physalis aequata, Physalis floridana, Physalis
franchetii, Pisum sativum, Tetragonia tetragonioides,
Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium
pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum,
Tropaeolum majus, Vicia faba, Vicia villosa,
Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata
ssp. cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis ,
Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata, Zea mays.
Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families
containing insusceptible hosts: Caryophyllaceae,
Chenopodiaceae, or
Compositae,
Cruciferae,
Cucurbitaceae,
Gramineae, or
Leguminosae-Papilionoideae,
Portulacaceae,
Solanaceae. Species inoculated
with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Arachis hypogaea,
Avena sativa, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis,
Brassica oleracea, Cajanus cajan, Capsicum annuum,
Capsicum frutescens, Cicer arietinum, Clitoria
ternatea, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria spectabilis,
Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Datura stramonium,
Desmodium tortuosum, Dianthus caryophyllus, Helianthus
annuus, Hordeum vulgare, Lablab purpureus,
Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium,
Medicago sativa, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana
tabacum, Physalis peruviana, Pisum sativum,
Portulaca oleracea, Sorghum bicolor, Spinacia
oleracea, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense,
Triticum aestivum, Vicia sativa, Vigna radiata,
Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis
, Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.
Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus,
or perinuclear space, or chloroplast, or cell vacuole.
Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells, or not
present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the
cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals, or amorphous X-bodies.
Inclusions contain mature virions.
The virus spreads in Eurasia. The virus occurs in
Australia, or Costa Rica, or Hungary, or Portugal, or South Africa, or Sudan, or
the United Kingdom, or the United States of America.
Type species 00.010.0.03.001.
Brome mosaic virus .
List of Species in the
Genus.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
A description of the virus is found
in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied
Biologists (AAB), with the number
215.
Taxon images: • EM by Robert G. Milne. • EM from IACR Rothamsted.
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