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00.010.0.02.017. Tobacco streak virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.010.0.02.017. Tobacco streak virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Wisconsin; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Nicotiana tabacum.

Natural host and symptoms
Dahlia ssp. — leaf mottling or symptomless.

Gossypium herbaceum, Melilotus albus, Trifolium pratense — leaf mottling.

Phaseolus vulgaris — reddening of nodes.

Glycine max — systemic necrosis, bud blight.

Rosa setigera — leaf vein yellowing.

Nicotiana tabacum — systemic necrosis, with recovery.

Asparagus officinalis — stunting.

Reference to Isolation Report
Johnson (1936).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.010.0.02.017. Virus accession number: 10002017. Obsolete virus code: 10.0.2.01.01; superceded accession number: 10020101.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12317.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): asparagus stunt virus (Brunt and Paludan, 1970; Paludan, 1964), Datura quercina virus, strawberry necrotic shock virus (Frazier et al., 1962; Stace-Smith and Frazier, 1971). ICTV approved acronym: TSV. Virus is the type species. Virus is of the genus 00.010.0.02. Ilarvirus in the family 00.010. Bromoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is round to elongated with icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is isometric to bacilliform and has a diameter of 27, 30, and 35 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component. The capsids and segments have different lengths, but constant diameter. The nucleocapsid is segmented.
























Electron micrograph of Bromoviridae.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Fixation with 1% glutaraldehyde essential. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Fulton (1967).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.35 g cm-3. There are 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 113 S20w (B, of the other(s) are 90 S20w (T), or 98 S20w (M). Isoelectric point pH is 4.6. A260/A280 ratio is 1.56. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 64°C (in sap diluted in buffer containing anti-oxidant). The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 1.5 days (most infectivity lost within 5 min. in crude sap). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 1-4 (but varies over a wide range depending on host species, antioxidants used, etc.). The infectivity is lost when deproteinized with proteases; lost when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 14% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented, tripartite (segements are distribute among 3 particle types of different size), and consists of four segments of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA. The complete genome is 7915 nucleotides long. Sequence can be accessed from EBI-EMBL and GenBank; the RNA-1 is partially sequenced and sequenced region is 2940 nucleotides long. RNA-2 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2770 nucleotides long and has the accession number
[J02416]Gb(84)_vi:TSVRNA2 tobacco streak virus RNA 2: 3' end. 9/83 180bp
[V00600]Em(40)_vi:ILTSV1 Gb(84)_vi:ILTSV1 Tobacco streak virus RNA 2 (3' end). 7/91 180bp.

RNA-3 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2205 nucleotides long, has the accession number
[J02417] Gb(84)_vi:TSVRNA34 tobacco streak virus RNA 3/4 : 3' end. 9/83 140bp
[V00601] Em(40)_vi:ILTSV2 Gb(84)_vi:ILTSV2 Tobacco streak virus RNA 3, 3' end (identical to the 3' end of RNA 4). 7/91 140bp.
[X00435] Em(40)_vi:TOTSV3 Gb(84)_vi:TOTSV3 Complete sequence of tobacco streak virus RNA 3 (TSV RNA 3). 9/93 2,205bp. 5 sequences.

RNA-4 is subgenomic has been sequenced, but only an estimate is provided, complete sequence is 881 nucleotides long. Subgenomic RNA-4 is an mRNA derived from RNA-3 negative strand template. The genome has a base ratio of 25 % guanine; 25 % adenine; 20 % cytosine; 30 % uracil. The genome sequence has termini with of RNA 1, 2 and 3 has 2 cross-linked hairpin ends (at 3'-end flanked by AUGC boxes). The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap (Van Vloten-Doting, 1981). The 3'-terminus has no poly (A) tract. The 3'-terminus has no tRNA-like structure. The genome has an intergenic poly (A) region (van Vloten-Doting, 1981). The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 3 different types of particles. The largest particles contain each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The medium sized particles contain each one molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component M). The smallest particles contain one molecule each of RNA-3 and RNA-4 (sedimenting component T). Reference to nucleotide sequence Van Vloten-Doting (1975).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 86% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein is involved in viral encapsidation and involved in protein movement.

Reference to method of preparation: Van Vloten-Doting (1975).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Ghabrial and Lister (1974).

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is not infectious; a successful infection by the virus requires the coat protein specifically associated with RNA 3'-terminal sequences for replicase recognition.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells, or absent from infected cells; encoding the coat protein.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to apple mosaic, American plum line pattern, Asparagus 2, citrus leaf rugose, citrus variegation, elm mottle, lilac ring mottle, prune dwarf, Prunus necrotic ringspot, spinach latent, Tulare apple mosaic viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE; Order Solanales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist (most hosts do not recover).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (in Chenopodium quinoa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Datura stramonium to different extents, transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Thysanoptera (possibly by allowing virus from the surface of infected pollen to enter through feeding wounds; Sdoodee and Teakle, 1987, Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Asparagaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Polemoniaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Abelmoschus esculentus, Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Antirrhinum majus, Arachis hypogaea, Asparagus officinalis, Beta macrocarpa, Beta patellaris, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Cassia occidentalis, Cassia tora, Catharanthus roseus, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Dahlia pinnata, Datura stramonium, Fragaria vesca, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Gossypium herbaceum, Gossypium hirsutum, Helianthus annuus, Hyoscyamus niger, Lactuca sativa, Lens culinaris, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Matthiola incana, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Momordica balsamina, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Ocimum basilicum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana, Physalis peruviana, Pisum sativum, Rosa setigera, Salvia splendens, Solanum demissum, Solanum demissum x S. tuberosum, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum nodiflorum, Solanum rostratum, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tithonia speciosa, Torenia fournieri, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Pedaliaceae, Solanaceae, Tropaeolaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Brassica juncea, Citrullus lanatus, Datura ferox, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Datura tatula, Lupinus albus, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Sesamum indicum, Sesbania exaltata, Tropaeolum majus.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Beta patellaris — necrotic local lesions.

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba — small dark local lesions.

Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Manteiga — necrotic local lesions.

Vigna unguiculata — chlorotic or necrotic local lesions.

Nicotiana tabacum cv. Turkish — upper leaves become toothed.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Catharanthus roseus, Cucumis sativus, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana tabacum.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Beta patellaris (L), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L), Macrotyloma uniflorum (L), Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Manteiga (L), Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, (L) for most strains.

References to host data: Berkeley and Phillips (1943, Fulton (1948, Kaiser et al. (1982).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells (epidermal or guard cells). Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions are irregularly shaped. Inclusions do not contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include fibrils in the cytoplasm and nucleus that are associated with virion aggregates and masses of fibrils in the cytoplasm that are not associated with virions (Edwardson and Christie, 1986).

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus spreads in North America and Australasia and Pacific Islands. The virus occurs in Australia, Canada, Peru, and the United States of America (CABI/EPPO data for black raspberry latent strain).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Bean red node strain (Scott et al., 1961; Thomas and Zaumeyer, 1950; Virgin, 1943), black raspberry latent strain (Brunt and Stace-Smith, 1976; Converse and Lister, 1969; Jones and Mayo, 1975).

References

Berkeley, GH and Phillips, J.H.H. (1943). Can. J. Res. 21: 181.

Brunt, A.A. and Paludan, N. (1970). Phytopath. Z. 69: 277.

Brunt, A.A. and Stace-Smith, R. (1976). Acta Hort. 66: 71.

Converse, RH and Lister, RM (1969). Phytopathology 59: 325.

Edwardson, J.R. and Christie, R.G. (1986). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 14, p. 221.

Frazier, NW, Jorgensen, P.S., Thomas, H.E. and Johnson, H.A. (1962). Pl. Dis. Reptr 46: 547.

Fulton, R.W. (1948). Phytopathology 38: 421.

Fulton, R.W. (1967). Virology 32: 153.

Fulton, R.W. (1970). Virology 41: 288.

Fulton, R.W. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 44, 4 pp.

Fulton, R.W. (1985). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 307, 5 pp.

Ghabrial, SA and Lister, RM (1974). Virology 57: 1.

Jones, AT and Mayo, MA (1975). Ann. appl. Biol. 79: 297.

Johnson, J. (1936). Phytopathology 26: 285.

Kaiser, W.J., Wyatt, S.D. and Pesho, G.R. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 1508.

Lister, RM and Saksena, K.N. (1976). Virology 70: 440.

Lister, RM, Ghabrial, SA and Saksena, K.N. (1972). Virology 49: 290.

Paludan, N. (1964). Maanedsovers. PlSygd. 407: 11.

Scott, H.A., Vincint, M. and Zaumeyer, W.J. (1961). Phytopathology 51: 755.

Sdoodee, R. and Teakle, D.S. (1987). Plant Path. 36: 377.

Stace-Smith, R. and Frazier, NW (1971). Phytopathology 61: 757.

Thomas, HR and Zaumeyer, W.J. (1950). Phytopathology 40: 832.

Van Vloten-Doting, L. (1975). Virology 65: 215.

Van Vloten-Doting, L. (1981). Intervirology 15: 198.

Virgin, W.J. (1943). Phytopathology 33: 743.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 811 by R.W. Fulton, 1984. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 381.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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