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00.010.0.02.002. American plum line pattern virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.010.0.02.002. American plum line pattern virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Wenatchee, Washington; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Prunus americana x P. salicina (Shiro plum).

Natural host and symptoms
Prunus domestica, P. serrulata, P. cerasus, P. cerasifera, P. americana x P. salicina, P. persica — line patterns and chlorotic rings.

Reference to Isolation Report
Kirkpatrick et al. (1964).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.010.0.02.002. Virus accession number: 10002002. Obsolete virus code: 10.0.2.05.01; superceded accession number: 10020501.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 134632.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): plum line pattern virus, peach line pattern virosis virus, Prunus virus 10, plum American line pattern virus. ICTV approved acronym: APLPV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus Ilarvirus; family 00.010. Bromoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is round to elongated with icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is isometric and has a diameter of 26, 28, 31, and 33 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component.















Electron micrograph of American plum line pattern virus, Bromoviridae, by R.W. Fulton.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Treatment with 1% glutaraldehyde of virions suspended in 0.03 M EDTA. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Fulton (1982, Paulson and Fulton (1969).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 4 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 125 S20w; of the other(s) are 95, 100, and 114 S20w (all four are needed for infection). A260/A280 ratio is 1.67 (unseparated components). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 66°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.2 days (4 hours in sap stabilised with 2-mercaptoethanol. In undiluted sap, infectivity is lost within seconds). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 6-7.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 14% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented, tripartite (segements are distribute among 3 particle types of different size), and consists of probably three segments of to four segments of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA. RNA-4 is a subgenomic mRNA derived from RNA-3 negative strand template. The multipartite genome segments are distributed between 3 different types of particles. The largest particles contain each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The medium sized particles contain each one molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component M). The smallest particles contain one molecule each of RNA-3 and RNA-4 (sedimenting component T).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 86% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein is involved in viral encapsidation and involved in protein movement.

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to Prunus necrotic ringspot, prune dwarf, tobacco streak, Asparagus 2, citrus leaf rugose, citrus variegation, elm mottle, Tulare apple mosaic, apple mosaic, lilac ring mottle and spinach latent viruses.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are American plum line pattern virus is one of three different viruses that may cause line pattern symptoms in plum and other Prunus ssp. The other two are apple mosaic virus and some strains of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, which cause line pattern symptoms worldwide. Serological tests are required for unequivocal identification.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE; Order Rosales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms vary seasonally.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Catharanthus roseus, Celosia argentea, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis sativus, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Gomphrena globosa, Lactuca sativa, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana, Prunus americana x P. salicina, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus cerasus, Prunus domestica, Prunus persica, Prunus serrulata, Sesbania exaltata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Zinnia elegans.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; systemic veinbanding, mottles, ringspots.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Phytolaccaceae, or Polemoniaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Antirrhinum majus, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Lactuca sativa, Momordica balsamina, Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana, Physalis peruviana, Phytolacca americana, Tithonia speciosa, Torenia fournieri.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica — tiny red local lesions; systemic red vein necrosis.

Cucumis sativus, Chenopodium quinoa — small local lesions, not systemic.

Nicotiana megalosiphon, N. occidentalis — chlorotic or diffuse necrotic local lesions, systemic ringspots or mottles.

Physalis floridana — inconspicuous chlorotic local lesions, systemic chlorotic veinbanding ringspots, or oak-leAF

Petunia x hybrida — chlorotic or necrotic local lesions, systemic necrosis.

Most species of the Leguminosae show local necrosis, but many are not very susceptible.

Some isolates infect Gomphrena globosa and Lactuca sativa. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Antirrhinum majus, Gomphrena globosa, Lactuca sativa, Torenia fournieri, Tithonia speciosa..

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana megalosiphon, N. occidentalis, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Catharanthus roseus, Prunus domestica.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica (L), Nicotiana megalosiphon (W).

References to host data: Paulsen and Fulton (1968, Kirkpatrick et al. (1964).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in North America. The virus occurs in Canada and the United States of America (CABI/EPPO data).

References

Cation, D. (1941). Phytopathology 31: 1004.

Fulton, R.W. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 1345.

Fulton, R.W. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 280, 4 pp.

Kirkpatrick, H.C., Cheney, P.W. and Linder, RC (1964). Pl. Dis. Reptr 48: 616.

Kirkpatrick, H.C. and Fulton, R.W. (1976). In: Virus Diseases and Non Infectious Disorders of Stone Fruits in North America. U.S. Dep. Agric. Hdbk No. 437, 166 pp.

Paulsen, AQ. and Fulton, R.W. (1968). Phytopathology 58: 766.

Paulsen, AQ. and Fulton, R.W. (1969). Ann. appl. Biol. 63: 233.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References. A description of this taxon in VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 629 by R.W. Fulton, 1985. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 280.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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